The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of PI3K-Akt signaling in prostate cancer cell growth and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated gene expression. Androgendependent LNCaP cells and their androgen-independent counterpart, LNCaP-AI cells, were used. We found that PI3KAkt signaling is elevated in LNCaP-AI cells compared to that in LNCaP cells and is involved in androgen-independent gro...

T Cell Receptor (TCR) engagement, co-stimulatory signals, and the presence of inflammatory cytokines. These signals are sensed by mTOR. Once activated, mTOR interacts with and influences T cell signaling pathways essential in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and metabolism. Multiple agonists (TCR engagement and co-stimulation, growths factors, and cytokines) regulate T c...

Protein kinase CK2 is a highly conserved serine/ threonine kinase ubiquitously distributed in all investigated eukaryotes and involved in several intracellular pathways which control, among others, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. Similarly, the PI3K-AKT pathway deregulation has been shown to play an important role in tumor development and tumor response to anti-cancer t...

adenosine acts as neuromodulator in the brain, which its involvement in a wide range of brain processes and diseases has been studied, such as epilepsy, sleep, anxiety, panic disorder, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. adenosine receptors have been detected: a1r, a2ar (a2ar), a2br, and a3r. a1r and a2r inhibit camp production, while a2ar and a2br stimulate camp product...

the objective of this study was to observe the apoptosis-inducing effect and mechanism of baicalin on human cervical cancer hela cells. the inhibitory effect of baicalin on the growth of hela cells was measured by mtt assay, and cell proliferation and migration was analyzed by cell scratch assay. morphological changes of apoptotic cells were viewed by the light microscope and electron microscop...

taxol is used to treatment of variety cancers including ovarian, breast, lung, head and neck carcinomas and the aids-related karposi’s carcinoma, and was originally obtained from bark of taxus brevifolia. however the amount of extracted taxol from taxus is extremely low and cannot be considered as a suitable commercial source and it has led to studies for finding new sources of taxol. in 1998, ...

introduction: intranodal pathways of atrioventricular (av) node play a vital role in the delay of conduction time in response to various atrial inputs. the present study was aimed to determine the frequency-dependent electrophysiological properties of concealed slow pathway according to a functional model of isolated rabbit atrioventricular node preparation after fast pathway ablation. methods:...

MAPK signaling cascade initiated by the activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) has been experimentally well studied and analyzed by mathematical modeling extensively [1, 3, 5]. Recently, several studies showed that some of growth hormone-stimulated membrane tyrosine kinase receptors interact with Shc adaptor protein and phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K), and consequently PI3K-activated Akt inhib...

Manipulation of T-cell co-inhibitory molecules, such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and BTLA has recently moved to the forefront of cancer immunotherapy. Although these molecules serve as inhibitors of T-cell activation, they are also biomarkers for activated T cells and may in fact have positive immune regulatory functions under certain circumstances. Recently, we demonstrated an unexpected positive associa...