the present study clarifies the difference between orthographic words and their phonological correspondents in persian writing system via computing orthographic depth of persian writing system. in this article, first, the relationship between orthographic forms of the words and their phonological correspondents is formalized by using context free and context sensitive grapheme-phoneme rules. th...

Redundancy in this theory means that the specification (either + or -) of certain features of a phoneme is predictable given the specifications of certain other features of the same phoneme and/or of neighbouring phonemes of a phoneme sequence. These restrictions on feature specifications are usually expressed by "redundancy rules". E.g. in English all nasal phonemes voiced which is expressed b...

In this paper, we propose speaker-dependent multiple-pronunciation lexical modeling for improving the performance of dysarthric automatic speech recognition (ASR). For each dysarthric speaker, a phoneme confusion matrix is first constructed from the results of phoneme recognition. Then, pronunciation variation rules are extracted by investigating the phoneme confusion matrix, and they are incor...

The phoneme classification inaccuracy at the acoustic phonetic level is a major weakness in most speech recognition systems. However, the inaccuracy will violate phonotactic constraints at the acoustic phonetic level. A better performance is expected if a language model is adopted in a recognition system for post-processing phoneme estimates and making corrections with a set of explicit rules o...

The present study aimed to investigate of reaction time in terms of phoneme recognition: A comparative study among Iranian Upper-Intermediate vs. Advanced EFL Learners at Institute level. The main question this study tried to answer was whether there is no difference in reaction time in terms of phoneme recognition in Iranian learners at Institute level. To answer the question, 5Upper-Intermedi...