Trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of flavonoids widely employed food, flavor pharmaceutical industries. These products can be produced by deamination L-phenylalanine L-tyrosine catalyzed phenylalanine ammonia lyase or tyrosine lyase. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) from Rhodotorula glutinis do not exhibit strong substrate specificity co...

the close to impossible correct controlling of the temperature and light intensity is the main limiting factors of growing plants in the plastic covered greenhouses. quality and vase life of cut flowers are mostly influenced by greenhouse temperature. alstroemeria needs cold temperature for growth and flowering. in the current study, the such changes in vase life and flower quality as stem leng...

Aromatic ammonia-lyases catalyze the non-oxidative ammonia elimination from aromatic Lamino-acids, producing α,β-unsaturated compounds. The members of this enzyme family are the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24), (Hodgins, 1971) histidine ammonia-lyase (HAL, EC 4.3.1.3) (Givot et al., 1969; Wickner, 1969) and the tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL, EC 4.3.1.23) (Kyndt et al., 2002) cataly...

Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products in tobacco was perturbed by introduction of a heterologous (bean) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.5) gene, modified by inclusion of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences in its promoter. These transgenic plants can exhibit a series of unusual phenotypes including localized fluorescent lesions, a...

in this study, trichoderma harzianum bi was evaluated for its capability to reduce the incidence and severity of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, and fusarium wilt, f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, as causal agents of a complex disease of tomato in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. initial in vitro studies revealed that the parasitism of m. javanica eggs by t. harzianum bi ...

Salinity is an important environmental factor that limits plant growth and production. Grape is classified as salt sensitive plants. The object of this study was to evaluate effects of salinity on membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant components, and antioxidative enzymes activity in ten grape genotypes native to the regions around Urmia Salt Lake.Malondialdehyde content and protective enzym...

l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity develops in excised bean axes after approximately 5 hours of incubation and reaches a maximum level after 14 hours of incubation. Light does not affect the development of activity, but puromycin, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and 5-fluorouracil inhibit.During this period of incubation both d- and l-p-fluorophenylalanine stimulate fresh weight increas...

Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-4630 Bochum. Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 44c, 357—360 (1989); received January 9, 1989 Dedicated to Professor Achim Trebst on the occasion o f his 60th birthday Anthocyanin, L-a-Aminooxy-ß-phenylpropionic Acid, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase, Hibiscus mutabilis When opening in the morning flowers of Hibiscus mutabilis L. ...

scape bending disorder is the most important factor affecting postharvest loss of gerbera cut flowers. one of the ultimate reasons for gerbera stem bending is lignin, with deformation structural functions and defensive mechanisms. this postharvest experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase (pod) enzymes activity in stem bending of two gerbe...

L-Phenylalanine is one of the essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in mammals in adequate amounts to meet the requirements for protein synthesis. Fungi and plants are able to synthesize phenylalanine via the shikimic acid pathway. L-Phenylalanine, derived from the shikimic acid pathway, is used directly for protein synthesis in plants or metabolized through the phenylpropanoid pathw...