compost is a gradual process in nature by which organic materials are decomposed in the presence of air by microorganisms and fungi. the product is a valuable fertilizer that is used in different places even in home little gardens, so that it has signed as an unnoticed asset. with due attention to the importance of compost, its guidelines and standards should be evaluated. it is pointed and com...

Autophagic responses specific for damaged or superfluous mitochondria are crucial for the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Recent data demonstrate that components of the inner mitochondrial membrane that are unmasked upon outer membrane permeabilization facilitate the autophagic destruction of the organelle.

We formalize what it means to have permission to say something. We adapt the dynamic logic of permission by van der Meyden [22] to the case where atomic actions are public truthful announcements. We also add a notion of obligation. Our logic is an extension of the logic of public announcements introduced by Plaza [17] with dynamic modal operators for permission and for obligation. We axiomatize...

OBJECTIVE To study drug prescribing by brand name versus generic name in an Australian teaching hospital. RESULTS Overall, 53% of drugs were prescribed by brand name. Brand names were preferred when they were shorter and easier to remember and spell, when there was only one brand on the market, and when the brand name ended in an x. CONCLUSION Doctors might be encouraged to prescribe generi...

Four players are playing the french game ”la belote”. All the 32 cards are dealt, each player starts the game with eight cards and she knows them, and all of this is common knowledge. We can formalize this situation using epistemic logic (see [8] for more details): the set of propositional atoms of our language is {(V C)i|V ∈ {7, 8, 9, 10, J,Q,K,A}, C ∈ {♣,♥,♦,♠}, i ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4}}. The model o...