INTRODUCTION Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) could be prevented by a silastic patch over the epicardial lead. We studied the effects in preventing PNS by placing a silastic patch directly over an epicardial lead or placing a graft around the phrenic nerve (PN). METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen Lanyu swine were enrolled. A bipolar lead was placed epicardially on the left ventricle (LV) inferior to...

human activities induced changes in land cover/use have extensive impacts on the landscape. in recent years, these changes had an increasingly growth due to irrational use of the natural resources in iran. hence, considering the negative effects of the inappropriate use of land and land-use change, understanding of the landscape changes over time is necessary to planning and implementation of s...

Chartrand et al. (2004) have given an upper bound for the nearly antipodal chromatic number ac′(Pn) as (n−2 2 ) +2 for n > 9 and have found the exact value of ac′(Pn) for n = 5, 6, 7, 8. Here we determine the exact values of ac′(Pn) for n > 8. They are 2p − 6p + 8 for n = 2p and 2p − 4p + 6 for n = 2p + 1. The exact value of the radio antipodal number ac(Pn) for the path Pn of order n has been ...

A new branching blend between two natural quadrics (circular cylinders/cones or spheres) in many positions is proposed. The blend is a ring shaped patch of a PN surface (surface with rational offset) parametrized by rational bivariant functions of degree (6, 3). General theory of PN surfaces is developed using Laguerre geometry and a universal rational parametrization of the Blaschke cylinder. ...

The concept of super line graph was introduced in the year 1995 by Bagga, Beineke and Varma. Given a graph with at least r edges, the super line graph of index r, Lr(G), has as its vertices the sets of r-edges of G, with two adjacent if there is an edge in one set adjacent to an edge in the other set. The line completion number lc(G) of a graph G is the least positive integer r for which Lr(G) ...

A graph G is said to be f -choosable if there exists a proper coloring from every assignment of lists of colors to the vertices of G where the list sizes are given by f . The sum choice number of G is the minimum ∑ v∈V (G) f(v) over all f such that G is f -choosable. Here we determine the sum choice of the cartesian product P3 Pn to be 8n − 3 − bn/3c. The techniques used here have applicability...

A novel approach to constructing polynomial minimal surfaces (surfaces of zero mean curvature) with isothermal parameterization from Pythagorean triples complex polynomials is presented, and it shown that they are normal (PN) surfaces, i.e., their unit vectors have a rational dependence on the surface parameters. This construction generalizes prior based real polynomials, yields more free shape...

The basolateral amygdala (ABL) contains pyramidal projection neurons (PNs) and several discrete subpopulations of nonpyramidal interneurons. Interneurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) constitute about half of all ABL interneurons, and provide a robust innervation of the perisomatic domain of PNs. Although it is known that PNs reciprocate this projection by innervating ...

Cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) receive inhibitory GABAergic input from stellate and basket cells, which are located in the outer and inner portions of the molecular layer, respectively. Ethanol (EtOH) was recently shown to increase GABAergic transmission at PNs via a mechanism that involves enhanced calcium release from presynaptic internal stores (Kelm et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 323:356-...

Cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) receive inhibitory GABAergic input from stellate and basket cells, which are located in the outer and inner portions of the molecular layer, respectively. Ethanol (EtOH) was recently shown to increase GABAergic transmission at PNs via a mechanism that involves enhanced calcium release from presynaptic internal stores (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 323:356-364, 2007). He...