A novel murine membrane-associated protein kinase, PKK (protein kinase C-associated kinase), was cloned on the basis of its physical association with protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta). The regulated expression of PKK in mouse embryos is consistent with a role for this kinase in early embryogenesis. The human homolog of PKK has over 90% identity to its murine counterpart, has been localized to chro...

Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB induced by extracellular stimuli requires IKKα and IKKβ kinase activity. How IKKα and IKKβ are activated by various upstream signaling molecules is not fully understood. We previously showed that protein kinase C-associated kinase (PKK, also known as DIK/RIP4), which belongs to the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase family, mediates the B cell...

Recent studies indicate that the plasma contact system plays an important role in thrombosis, despite being dispensable for hemostasis. For example, mice deficient in coagulation factor XII (fXII) are protected from arterial thrombosis and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. We demonstrate that selective reduction of prekallikrein (PKK), another member of the contact system, using antisense o...

Non-melanoma skin cancer represents the most common cancer in the United States. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a subtype of NMSC that shows a greater potential for invasion and metastasis. The current study identifies the protein kinase C-associated kinase (PKK), which is also known as the receptor-interacting protein kinase 4, as a suppressor of tumor growth in SCC of the skin. ...

The number of divisors function den), is a classic function of number theory, having been defined centuries ago. In contrast, the Smarandache function Sen), was defined only a few decades ago. The purpose of this paper is to tind all solutions to a simple equation involving both functions. Theorem: The only solutions to the equation Sen) + den) = n, n > 0 are 1, 8 and 9. Proof: Since S( 1) = 0 ...

For graphs H and G, let pH(G) denote the maximum number of edges covered by a set of edge-disjoint copies of H in G. We prove that if H is k-chromatic, then pH(G) ≥ pKk(G) − o(|V (G)|). The error term cannot be improved much, as for any δ > 0 there are graphs H with χ(H) = k such that for all n sufficiently large, there are graphs G with n vertices for which pH(G) ≤ pKk(G)−n. We present several...

The left-wing Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) began its violent insurgency campaign against the Turkish state in 1984, claiming that an independent Kurdistan should exist. However, the origins of this conflict can be traced back even further – to the inception of the Turkish Republic in 1923. This thesis begins by investigating the history of how the conflict between the Kurdish and Turkish poli...

The authors examined immunofluorescently the specific cytokeratin staining patterns of corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelium with PKK-1, 8.12, 4.62, and 8.60 monoclonal anticytokeratin antibodies. Observations were made on unfixed frozen postmortem human tissue. The PKK-1 antibody stain was observed in all layers of corneal epithelium but only in suprabasal layers of limbal and conjuncti...

Let p, with or without subscripts, always denote a prime number. In this paper we are able to establish two localized results on a theorem of Prachar which states that almost all positive even integers n can be written as n = p2 + p3 + p4 + p5. As a consequence of one result, we prove additionally that each sufficiently large odd integer N can be represented as N = p1+p2+p3+p4+p5 with ∣pkk − 5 ...