p. vivax malaria with suspected long incubation have been frequently observed mostly in the northwest part of iran in the course of malaria control and malaria eradication operations. a sero-epidemiological study of such cases which present the first symptom in early spring, before anopheles activities season, was carried out in 92 selected villages with a population of 38,726 in two near areas...

background: malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in tropical and temperate regions. the aim of this study was to determine the trend of malaria in mazandaran province, northern iran during 1997-2012. methods: this retrospective study was conducted from 1997 to 2012. the population's study was individuals who registered at health centers of mazandaran province. peripheral bloo...

background: parasite lactate dehydrogenase ( p ldh) is extensively employed as malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts). moreover, it is a well-known drug target candidate. however, the genetic diversity of this gene might influence perfor­mance of rdt kits and its drug target candidacy. this study aimed to determine polymorphism of p ldh gene from iranian isolates of p. vivax and p. falciparum. m...

The mechanisms of cellular and humoral immune responses against P. vivax parasite remain poorly understood. Several malaria immunological studies have been conducted in endemic regions where both P. falciparum and P. vivax parasites co-exist. In this study, a comparative analysis of immunity to Plasmodium vivax antigens in different geography and incidence of Plasmodium spp. infection was perfo...

The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax is known to be majorly endemic to Asian and Latin American countries with no or very few reports of Africans infected with this parasite. Since the human Duffy antigens act as receptors for P. vivax to invade human RBCs and Africans are generally Duffy-negative, non-endemicity of P. vivax in Africa has been attributed to this fact. However, recent reports d...

BACKGROUND Sub-microscopic (SM) Plasmodium infections represent transmission reservoirs that could jeopardise malaria elimination goals. A better understanding of the epidemiology of these infections and factors contributing to their occurrence will inform effective elimination strategies. While the epidemiology of SM P. falciparum infections has been documented, that of SM P. vivax infections ...

Sulfadoxine is predominantly used in combination with pyrimethamine, commonly known as Fansidar, for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum. This combination is usually less effective against Plasmodium vivax, probably due to the innate refractoriness of parasites to the sulfadoxine component. To investigate this mechanism of resistance by P. vivax to sulfadoxine, we cloned and sequenced the P....

The ability of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax to invade erythrocytes is dependent on the expression of the Duffy blood group antigen on erythrocytes. Consequently, Africans who are null for the Duffy antigen are not susceptible to P. vivax infections. Recently, P. vivax infections in Duffy-null Africans have been documented, raising the possibility that P. vivax, a virulent pathogen in o...

Malaria therapy, experimental, and epidemiological studies have shown that erythrocyte Duffy blood group-negative people, largely of African ancestry, are resistant to erythrocyte Plasmodium vivax infection. These findings established a paradigm that the Duffy antigen is required for P. vivax erythrocyte invasion. P. vivax is endemic in Madagascar, where admixture of Duffy-negative and Duffy-po...