the politics of shifting to the east, which is interpreted in the statements of turkish islamist politicians as ottomanism, is a newly emerged strategy which is essentially comprehensible in the connection with the history and identity of the ottoman era and the new regional and trans-regional role of turkey. the ideology of ottomanism not only implies the expansion of turkey’s influence on the...

Given the long roots of bay‘a (pledge of allegiance) in Islamic tradition and the controversial claim by the Islamic State (IS) to be a caliphate, the application of bay‘a to the group’s leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and his project is a contested issue among radical Islamists. Based on secondary literature and IS ideologues’ own writings, this paper analyses IS’s claims of validity in their ca...

As Syria prepares to enter its seventh year of war, the tide seems to have turned in favour of the Assad regime. Government forces over-ran Aleppo at the end of 2016, assisted by air support from Russia. President Bashar al-Assad has now regained control of all the major population centres in the country, including the four largest cities. As The Lancet Infectious Diseases went to press, a ceas...

centuries. Starting from the pre-Islamic era in the 6th century AD and extending to the 16th Century AD when the Ottoman Sultan Salim I in 1516 AD invaded and destroyed the Mamluk Dynasty in Syria and Egypt extending the Ottoman Empire into North Africa. The language of science at the time was Arabic. Many scientists and physicians throughout the Muslim Empire taught and wrote in Arabic. This w...

will is one of the techniques of prose that states important community issues. will, in the  jahilid period  was according to interpreting minds and personal experience as wills in islamic period was according to quranic style that states islamic ideology. this article will discuss  and compared to two wills , one of the gaheli period and other of islamic period, and makes the result that abuba...