background: polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is one of the common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive ages. it is associated with a range of disorders, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance (ir), compensatory hyperinsulinemia,gestational, and type 2 diabetes, and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity. there are different treatments available for pcos. the purpose ...

Clinical question " What is the risk of taking oral contraceptives in patients with a history of migraine with transient neurological signs? " A woman with a history of migraine associated with hemiparaesthesia, and possibly dysphasia, attended her general practitioner suffering from irregular and frequent menstrual cycles. The doctor considered treatment with oral contraceptives to control her...

abstract it is becoming evident that oral hormonal contraceptives –besides being well established contraceptives – seem to become important medications for many functional or organic disturbances. so far, clinical effectiveness has been shown for treatment as well as prevention of menstrual bleeding disorders and menstrual-related pain symptoms. also this is true for premenstrual syndrome (pms)...

We present the case of a young female on oral contraceptives (OCs) who was diagnosed with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and remained on oral contraceptives. Months later, the patient presented with acute abdominal pain and intratumoral hemorrhage in the liver. The patient was taken to the operating room (OR) and was diagnosed with a ruptured hepatic adenoma (HA). We review the key diagnostic ...

Millions of women have chosen to use oral contraceptives for various reasons. However, the question must be raised as to the awareness level of the risks and benefits associated with the use of oral contraceptives. Numerous studies have been performed to establish the effects of oral contraceptives. This thesis examines these studies to consolidate the most current findings. In order to present...

Because of social, political, financial, or legal reasons, many contraceptive methods have been removed from the contraceptive armamentarium, sometimes almost as quickly as they were introduced. The original subdermal implant, a monthly intramuscular injection containing medroxyprogesterone acetate and estradiol cypionate, and a multitude of intrauterine devices have all been withdrawn from the...

I n 1982, more than 20% of women surveyed in a nationally representative sample had discontinued oral contraceptives (OCs) on their own or at the recommendation of their physician due to bleeding or spotting. Sadly, the percentage today has not decreased much. Understandable concern, embarrassment, and annoyance lead these women to abandon OCs. What they often don’t know, though, is that breakt...

Currently, Contraceptive agents play a key role in family planning in India. Hormonal contraception is the marketed most common birth control option in women. An estimated 100 million women throughout the world use hormonal contraceptives for prevention of pregnancy. This article briefly describes the recent advances in hormonal contraceptive strategies that may minimize side effects while opti...

It is becoming evident that oral hormonal contraceptives-besides being well established contraceptives-seem to become important medications for many functional or organic disturbances. So far, clinical effectiveness has been shown for treatment as well as prevention of menstrual bleeding disorders and menstrual-related pain symptoms. Also this is true for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premens...

The possible interaction between exogenous reproductive hormones and athletic performance in females is an important issue that has been the topic of debate for at least four decades.  ere are numerous review articles on the e€ ect of oral contraceptives (OC) on athletic performance, however we feel that these reviews are insu cient as they do not include all categories of hormonal contracept...