on the basis of discourse grammar (dg), this study investigates the expression of  yæ'ni in persian. the term was originally borrowed from arabic and has undergone the process of grammaticalization. it exhibits different pragmatic functions to characterize changes involved in the evolution of this discourse marker. the study suggests that grammaticalization of yæ'ni should be analyzed...

Using a sample of U.S. firms over the period 1996–2014, this paper examines whether insider trading profitability increases with high board co-option. Indeed, we find that higher level co-opted directors exhibit profitability, largely due to lower managerial ability and analyst coverage. Co-opted boards are also unlikely implement self-imposed restrictions, exacerbating relationship. This posit...

The Drosophila JAK-STAT pathway and its ligand Unpaired are required for a wide range of developmental processes. Recent results have identified Unpaired as an activator of sex-lethal and revealed a new role for the JAK-STAT pathway in sex determination.

This study examines the effects of co-opted directors and further tests monitoring effectiveness non-co-opted independent on capital structure decisions. Employing a large sample 2548 US firms over 1996–2015 period, we find strong evidence that boards exert positive significant influence firms' financial leverage. We also that, whereas are positively associated with leverage, have negative firm...

Mycorrhizal root endosymbiosis is an ancient property of land plants. Two parallel studies now provide novel insight into the mechanism driving this interaction and how it is used by other filamentous microbes like pathogenic oomycetes.