abstract the problems caused by the traditional system of criminal justice (which are based on remuneration and rehabilitation) such as, lack of attention to victim’s rights and position and society, underlie the emergence of restorative justice which had the victim-centered perspective, with respect to the role of the offender and participation of civil society. meanwhile, criminal mediation ...

writing an academic article requires the researchers to provide support for their works by learning how to cite the works of others. various studies regarding the analysis of citation in m.a theses have been done, while little work has been done on comparison of citations among elt scopus journal articles, and so the dearth of research in this area demands for further investigation into citatio...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی استنادها به منابع وب در مقاله¬های منتشر شده در مجله¬های علوم کتابداری و اطلاع¬رسانی نمایه شده در آی.اس.آی. در سال¬های 2005-2008 انجام شده و در آن کوشش شده است با تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات بدست آمده، میانگین تعداد مقاله¬ها، تعداد استنادها به منابع چاپی و استنادها به منابع وب در هر مقاله، نوع زبان، استاندارد استناد، نوع فایل، نوع دامنه، ثبات و پایداری، و نیم¬عمر منابع وب است...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

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this ethnographic case study research was carried out in a private school setting in the context of iran. the research tried to explore the analysis and identity construction of a group of learners and teachers along with the content analysis of books on the basis of four types of commodified, political, national and narrative identities. how english language learners and teachers in an informa...

abstract: country’s fiber optic network, as one of the most important communication infrastructures, is of high importance; therefore, ensuring security of the network and its data is essential. no remarkable research has been done on assessing security of the country’s fiber optic network. besides, according to an official statistics released by ertebatat zirsakht company, unwanted disconnec...

in the present work, a simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of morphine and heroin using gold nanoparticles as resonance rayleigh scattering (rrs) and colorimetric technique’s probe. synthesized gold nanoparticles by sodium citrate reduction method have a negative charge layer on their surfaces because of self-assembled citrate anions on their surface. binding of morphin...