the main objective of this article is to examine the u.s. nuclear war plans, which have led to the transformation of the grand strategy of the united states since 1945, and they have also a significant impact on the nuclear programs of the nuclear – weapon states (nws), defense policies of nato and international security. research questions include: what are the similarities and differences in ...

In the safeguards agreements between non-nuclear-weaponstate members of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency, there is a possibility for non-nuclear weapon states, acting with the approval of the agency’s board of governors, to remove from safeguards nuclear materials to be used in non-proscribed military activities such as naval nuclear propulsion. Thi...

Artikel ini membuktikan bahwa pakta AUKUS telah melanggar Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 (NPT). Pakta merupakan perjanjian kerjasama antara Australia, Inggris, dan Amerika Serikat dalam pengembangan teknologi bidang pertahanan, termasuk didalamnya transfer kapal selam bertenaga nuklir. menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan sumber utama adalah bahan hukum yang berisi aturan-aturan...

A new line of nuclear winter research shows that even small, regional nuclear wars could have catastrophic global consequences. However, major disarmament to avoid nuclear winter goes against the reasons nuclear weapon states have for keeping their weapons in the first place, in particular deterrence. To reconcile these conflicting aims, this paper develops the concept of winter-safe deterrence...

The debate over the past five years on how to limit national ownership and control of nuclear fuel-cycle facilities is largely a response to the perceived risk of a growing number of countries to acquire these sensitive technologies. This prospect is seen as a challenge to the nonproliferation regime by leading nuclear weapon states and their allies, by non-weapon states seeking both to stem pr...

The effectiveness of nuclear-weapon-free zones cannot be understood without considering the law sea. Some include international waters in their areas application, which provoked some nuclear-weapon States that are parties to protocols such treaties issue reservations on geographical scope zones. This article argues exclusive economic and high seas application were established accordance with se...

Nuclear weapon states historically have attached great secrecy to their nuclear weapon and fissile material production programs and stockpiles, despite warnings that this would fuel fears, handicap informed debate and decision making, and drive arms races. As evidenced by the “Action Plan on Nuclear Disarmament” agreed upon at the 2010 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Re...

James Clay Moltz is Research Professor and Assistant Director of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. He also directs the Newly Independent States Nonproliferation Project at CNS. From 1993-98 (Vols. 1-5), Dr. Moltz was Editor of this journal. When the authors of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) crafted the...

Among the states that possess nuclear weapons, the United Kingdom is now regarded as one of the least problematic. Long established and recognized as a nuclear weapon state (NWS) under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), it has a stable democracy, competent administrative system, disciplined military forces, and a cooperative approach to international security. It is a...