the application of nmo (normal moveout) has been recognized as an effective method of generating quasi-zero-offset traces in traditional common-midpoint processing. artifacts of the nmo method relate to the nmo-stretch effects. conventional application of normal-moveout correction to a common-midpoint (cmp) reflection generates a stretch that increases with offset and decreases with zero-offset...

the application of traditional nmo-correction techniques in the processing of seismic data may result in severe distortion. this distortion is observed as a decrease in frequency content (nmo stretch). this may be seen as the source of problems in the processing with stretch. in this paper, cnmo method is applied which doesn't have the `stretching effects' of conventional nmo correcti...

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are auto immune demyelinating disorders. Both MS and NMO patients suffer from urinary dysfunction.  Objectives: Investigation of frequency and severity of urinary symptoms in two groups of MS and NMO patients. Materials & Methods: 56 MS patients and 20 NMO patients were enrolled in this cross sectional study conducted in Isfah...

Many mammalian AQPs, including AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, AQP5 and AQP8, function primarily as bidirectional water-selective transporters. Cells expressing AQPs on their plasma membrane have an ~5- to 50-fold higher osmotic water permeability than membranes that do not. Water transport through single-file pores poses a biophysical limitation on the efficiency with which AQPs can transport water, so that...

neuromyelitis optica is an inflammatory demyelinating disease (idd) of the cns, which mainly affects optic nerve and spinal cord. autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 also known as nmo-igg have been implicated in the pathogenesis of nmo. we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of nmo-igg assay for diagnosing nmo patients and differentiating them from ms patients and those with undifferentiat...

The two species of the genus Pactola Pascoe known from New Caledonia, P. convexa (Montrouzier) and P. setacea (Montrouzier), are redescribed and two new species (P. magna sp. n. and P. proxima sp. n.) are described. Pactola kanalensis (Perroud) is a new junior synonym of P. setacea (Montrouzier). A neotype of Pactola setacea (Montrouzier) and lectotypes of Pactola convexa (Montrouzier) and Pact...

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease that primarily targets astrocytes. Autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) against the water channel protein, aquaporin 4 (AQP4), are a serologic marker in NMO patients, and they known to be responsible for pathophysiology of disease. In brain, AQP4 mainly expressed astrocytes, especially at end-feet, where form blood-brain barrier. Following interaction bet...