fluoxetine is a common antidepressant which selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake at synaptic level. some research findings have proposed the effect this drug on neurogenesis, neuronal survival as well as proliferation of the neural progenitor cells. endometrium is a part of uterus which harbors mesenchymal stem cells. this source of stem cells can be differentiated into neural cells which ma...

Introduction: In adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells are isolated from both the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. This study aimed to isolate neural stem cells from adult rat subventricular zone and differentiate them into neurons and astrocytes.  Methods: In this study, the whole brain was removed after full anesthesia and creating cervical dislocation. Under a microscope, subv...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of central nervous system (CNS). While the cause is unclear, the fundamental mechanism is thought to be destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons through immune system. One of the approaches being proposed in EAE therapy is neural stem cells (NSCs) trans...

background: retinoic acid as one of the most important regulators for cell differentiation was examined in this study for differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal cells (hucm). methods: after isolation, hucm were evaluated for mesenchymal stem cell properties by flow cytometry and alkaline phosphatase assay. also, doubling time of the cells and their differentiation potential into adipoge...

there are two main methods for preparing the puramatrix (pm) as a three-dimensional (3-d) scaffold for supporting the cells including surface plating and encapsulation. in the surface-plating procedure, the scaffold is created by adding an ionic agent such as medium to pm. after adjusting the ph by changing the medium, cells are seeded on top of the scaffold. in the encapsulation method, pm and...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is defined as an external mechanical injury to the brain. neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of tbi. microglia and astrocytes play a central role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. numerous pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) released by microglia. in ...

Background: In this study, we examined a new two step induction protocol for improving the differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural progenitor cells. Materials and Methods: Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were first cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum in a humidified incu...