Among the most paramount issues related to human self-understanding that are found in various cultures and ages are questions of the perfection of man and ultimate human happiness. In Islamic texts, ultimate human perfection is described as nearness to Allah. This article offers a brief review of the teachings of the Qur’ān on this topic and a sketch of the history of discussions of nearness to...

partial frames provide a rich context in which to do pointfree structured and unstructured topology. a small collection of axioms of an elementary nature allows one to do much traditional pointfree topology, both on the level of frames or locales, and that of uniform or metric frames. these axioms are sufficiently general to include as examples bounded distributive lattices, $sigma$-frames, $ka...

According to Islam, Allah created man to worship Him and to lead a virtuous life based on His teachings and guidance. But how can man know and fulfill his role and the purpose of his existence if he does not receive clear and practical instructions of what Allah wants him to do? The existence of prophethood, by which Allah sent a prophet to every nation to reveal His message in terms that the p...

This paper is devoted to a nearness relation in an Efremovic̆proximity space. The basic approach is to consider the nearness of the upper and lower approximation of a set introduced by Z. Pawlak during the early 1980s as a foundation for rough sets. Two forms of nearness relations are considered, namely, a spatial EFand a descriptive EFrelation. This leads to a study of the nearness of objects e...

Partial frames provide a rich context in which to do pointfree structured and unstructured topology. A small collection of axioms of an elementary nature allows one to do much traditional pointfree topology, both on the level of frames or locales, and that of uniform or metric frames. These axioms are sufficiently general to include as examples bounded distributive...

In order to improve the validity and accuracy of fault diagnosis on mechanical equipment, this study applies fuzzy nearness approach by adjusting the traditional formulations. Besides, it points out the disadvantages in fault diagnosis of traditional nearness approach based on experimental data of gear transmission. A fuzzy nearness functionbased model is constructed to execute the fault diagno...

In this paper, our approach is to study properties of approximations on nearness approximation spaces. Afterwards, our aim is to define near semigroups and near ideals on near approximation spaces. We introduce some properties of these near structures. The nearness of sets and, in particular, the nearness of algebraic structures on nearness approximation spaces fits within the milieu of fuzzy s...

We provide a fairly general method, which is straightforward and widely applicable, for constructing some coreflections in the category of nearness frames. The method captures all coreflective subcategories with 1 1 coreflection maps; this includes the well-known uniform, totally bounded and separable coreflections. The primary application of this method answers in the affirmative the question ...

An artificial intelligence system that processes geothematic data would profit from a (semi-)formal or controlled natural language interface that incorporates concepts for nearness. Though there already exists logical-engineering approaches giving sufficient conditions for nearness relations, we show within a logical analysis that these suffer from some deficiencies. Non-engineering approaches ...