this study entitled intellectuals and their relations to alienation: a comparative study of “ghada al-samman and ghazaleh alizadeh novels. the study includes ghada al-samman’s novels, namely: “beirut nightmares”, “the eve of billion”, as it discusses ghazaleh alizadeh’s novels, namely: “idriss house”. this comparative study uses the methods of the american school, which focus on common and unco...

1 Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. 2 School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. 4 Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Leba...

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 2 Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 4 Department of Experimental Patholo...

OBJECTIVE Nightmares are a robust and modifiable predictor of increased suicidality and poor psychiatric outcomes, yet nightmare screening and treatment remain rare, even in sleep centers. This paper aims to examine what proportion of nightmare sufferers have discussed nightmares with a healthcare provider, as well as possible explanations for low rates of nightmare complaints. METHODS The pr...

87-0792/$ see front matter Q 200 i:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.06.001 Abbreviations DSM-IV-TR, Diagnos r Mental Disorders, edition IV, tex hearsal Therapy; LDT, Lucid Dreami pid Eye Movement; PTSD, Posttraum pid Eye Movement. * Corresponding author. Tel.: C31 3 3 4718. E-mail address: v.i.spoormaker@fs Summary The DSM-IV-TR definition of nightmares—extremely frightening dreams from which the person wak...

1Faculty of Public Health, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon. 2Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. 3Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. 4Division of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Lebanese Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon. 5Chronic Care Centre, Hazmieh, Lebanon. Received: 14/05/03; accepted: 14/09/03 SUMMARY A ...

In this paper we consider the appropriateness of education, compared to occupation and income, as a measure of social class for use in health-related studies in developing societies in transition. Three evaluation criteria were used, namely, the feasibility of constructing the measure, its sensitivity in reflecting relevant social class life conditions, and its ability to produce a family-level...

Nightmares and sleep disturbances are thought to play a key role in the development of posttrauma problems. Research efforts have increased in an attempt to understand this association. The present study examined differences in nightmare characteristics, related psychopathology, treatment outcome, and trauma history among trauma-exposed individuals whose nightmares began before a traumatic even...

This study details results of an open trial of a group psychological treatment for Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic posttraumatic nightmares called "Imagery Rescripting and Exposure Therapy" (IRET). IRET is a variant of a successful imagery rescripting treatment for civilian trauma-related nightmares that was modified to address the needs of the Veteran population....