Abstract. This study presents the first full annual cycle (2019–2020) of ambient surface aerosol particle number concentration measurements (condensation nuclei > 20 nm, N20) collected at Summit Station (Summit), in centre Greenland Ice Sheet (72.58∘ N, −38.45∘ E; 3250 ma.s.l.). The mean 2019 was 129 cm−3, with 6 h ranging between 1 and 1441 cm−3. highest monthly concentrations occurred duri...

Rapid-rate paired associative stimulation (rPAS) involves repeat pairing of peripheral nerve stimulation and Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses at a 5 Hz frequency. RPAS over primary motor cortex (M1) operates with spike-timing dependent plasticity such that increases in corticospinal excitability occur when the nerve and TMS pulse temporally coincide in cortex. The present study in...

a higher N20 concentration and an earlier sampling period result in a larger arteriovenous N20 difference that increases the sensitivity of the test and further minimizes the importance of possible analytic errors. In addition, a method is described of determining the magnitude of the shunt from the results of a N20 test. The results of 150 N20 tests performed with the improved technic are pres...

Serial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median and posterior tibial nerve stimulation in a case with familial heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia and vitamin E deficiency were investigated over a period of 4 years. In serial SEPs to posterior tibial nerve stimulation, interpeak latencies between N20 and P2 were delayed even in the early clinical stage, although the peak latency of N20...

BACKGROUND Normal subjects present interhemispheric symmetry of middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean flow velocity and N20 cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP). Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) can modify this pattern, since high regional brain vascular resistances increase blood flow velocity, and impaired regional brain perfusion reduces N20 amplitude. The aim of the study is to investig...

Concentrations of N20 in the global atmosphere have been rising over the last 20 yr at about 0.8 parts per billion volumetric (ppbv) or 0.25% yr1 to the 310 ppbv present in today's atmosphere (Fig. 6-1; Elkins and Rossen, 1989). Ice core data that indicate concentrations of around 280 ppbv in the preindustrial atmosphere (e.g., Pearman et al., 1986) suggest that this rise reflects a long-term t...

We validate formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column densities (VCDs) from Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir Mapper (OMPS-NM) instruments onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite for 2012–2020 Oceanic Atmospheric Administration-20 (NOAA-20) 2018–2020, hereafter referred to as OMPS-NPP OMPS-N20, with ground-based Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) observations o...

Treating a synthetic wastewater containing phenol as the sole substrate at 26°C, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was able to remove over 98% of phenol up to 1,260 mg/l in wastewater with 12 h of hydraulic retention time, corresponding to 6.0 g-COD/(l·day). Results showed that benzoate was the key intermediate of phenol degradation. Conversion of benzoate to methane was suppressed by ...

Learning may alter rapidly the output organization of adult motor cortex. It is a long-held hypothesis that modification of synaptic strength along cortical horizontal connections through long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) forms one important mechanism for learning-induced cortical plasticity. Strong evidence in favor of this hypothesis was provided for rat primary moto...

Sensorimotor integration is altered in people with chronic pain. While there is substantial evidence that pain interferes with neural activity in primary sensory and motor cortices, much less is known about its impact on integrative sensorimotor processes. Here, the short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) paradigm was used to assess sensorimotor integration in the presence and absence of experi...