facilitating the exchange of different experiences of nations which resulted in the growth and development of arts and sciences was one of the most important achievements of the mongols and of interests of their kings. the textile and cloth-weaving industry in the mongol era was not an exception. historical evidences show an increase in the exchange and trade of fabrics and textiles between ira...

The type of research used is qualitative research. Research whose data obtained using learning methods in the field or personal fieldwork. This study analyzes writing errors Arabic at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ahmad Dahlan Jambi City. was conducted because researchers found problem students' spelling Dahlan, 2. What are causes frequent City.3. solution to overcome for students results show that: imla...

This study reveals on fatwas concerning cigarettes in the Archipelago 19th century. The primary source is an Arabic manuscript from Kuningan, West Java, digitized by DREAMSEA, entitled “Bāb fī Bayān Ḥukm Shurb al-Dukhān”. It does not only use arguments sharia, interpretation of ulama, and health reasons but also refers to myths conspiracies. finds that this mentions existence ḥaram (prohibited)...