Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemical of high prevalence in the environment, which may affect the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to BPA during hypothalamic sexual differentiation at doses below the reproductive no observable adverse effect level of the World Health Org...

The highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent VX is characterized by a remarkable biological persistence which limits the effectiveness of standard treatment with atropine and oximes. Existing OP hydrolyzing enzymes show low activity against VX and hydrolyze preferentially the less toxic P(+)-VX enantiomer. Recently, a phosphotriesterase (PTE) mutant, C23, was engineered towards the hydrol...

conclusions analysis of codeine to morphine metabolism rate is needed when we are using morphine/codeine ratio to rule out abuse of narcotics. wada should consider analysis for the cyp2d6 alleles (main metabolizer of codeine) in case of including morphine/codeine ratio in future prohibited list. the possibility of ultra-rapid cyp2d6 cannot be ruled out in certain results of morphine/codeine nea...

The hyperkalaemic action of adrenaline was investigated in 44 anaesthetized domestic pigs. Plasma and epicardial concentrations of K were measured, in the latter case with an ion-selective electrode. Adrenaline 10 pgkg~ caused a rapid increase in the plasma concentration of K from 4.2 to 5.9 mmol litre'. The magnitude and the time course of epicardial concentration of K were similar. Alpha-adre...

mice were rendered tolerant and dependent to morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. the effects of acute and chronic administration of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nifedipine on the development of tolerance and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs were investigated. a single injection of nifedipine proved to be effective in inhibiting so...

background: morphine and lidocaine are known to influence the perception of pain. the present study sought to determine the influence of local administration of morphine on lidocaine-induced analgesia in morphine non-dependent (mnd), morphine dependent (md) and morphine withdrawal (mw) animals. methods: adult male wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, mnd, md and mw rats. lidocain...

Morphine is one of the most types phenanthrene alkaloid opioid used to soothe acute and chronic pain via narcotic analgesic medical employment. Increasingly constantly in public medication practical important knowledge improve that. show pernicious has effects on numerous tissue for instance ovary, liver lung morphine side instruct existence oxidative role due generation reactive oxygen species...

Abstract Background In humans, the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic resulting in substantial differences metabolism of drugs including anti-arrhythmics, neuroleptics, and opioids. The objective this study was to phenotype a population 100 horses from five different breeds assess metabolic activity equine homolog using codeine as probe drug. Administration common method used...