Natural and artificial materials including rocks and cement-based materials such as concrete and cement mortar are affected both physically and chemically by various natural factors known as weathering factors. The freeze-thaw process, as a weathering factor, considerably affects the properties of rocks and concrete. Therefore, the effect of the freeze-thaw process on the physical and mechanica...

this article aims to review various modes of fracture toughness of resin composites. also, this study intends to review the papers on the fracture mode, namely “fractography”, under scanning electron microscopy finding fracture initiation site, and the effect of filler content on the fracture toughness of resin composites. it will also review the effect of aging on the fracture toughness of res...

Failures in composite materials occur mainly due to interlaminar fracture, also called delamination, between laminates. This indicates that characterizing interlaminar fracture toughness is the most effective factor in the fracture of composite materials. This study reports investigation on mixed-mode interlaminar fracture behaviour in woven carbon fibre/polyetherimide (CF/PEI) thermoplastic co...

Although the mode I (tensile opening) fracture toughness has been the focus of most fracture mechanics studies of human cortical bone, bones in vivo are invariably loaded multiaxially. Consequently, an understanding of mixed-mode fracture is necessary to determine whether a mode I fracture toughness test provides the appropriate information to accurately quantify fracture risk. In this study, w...

In this study, a novel numerical method is proposed for determination of mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIc, in multi-directional (MD) double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens using fracture properties of unidirectional DCB specimens. Two factors, β and Dc are defined to minimize the undesirable effects on strain energy release rate. β describes the difference between maximum and average...

Many delamination failure criteria based on fracture toughness have been suggested over the past few decades, but most only covered the region containing mode I and mode II components of loading because that is where toughness data existed. With new analysis tools, more 3D analyses are being conducted that capture a mode III component of loading. This has increased the need for a fracture crite...

The fracture mechanics examines the development and expansion of cracks in solids and how they affect the deformation of materials. The stress intensity factors at the tip of the crack and the critical stress intensity factors or fracture toughness of materials are considered in the relevant criteria. There are three main modes of applying forces to a crack including the tensile mode, shear mod...

fracture of mixed mode i/ii in beech wood and its wood polymers has been investigated experimentally in this study. hence, two crack systems of tl and rl were selected in which the crack planes extend along the wood fibers. this investigation has demonstrated that onset of mixed mode cracking can be predicted with a very simple fracture criterion in these crack systems. results indicated that f...