kimiya-yi sa'adat (the alchemy of happiness) is a persian version of ihya'ul ulumuddin in arabic, an outstanding work translated and summerized by abu hamed imam mohammad ghazali.  this book is divided into four major sections, each containing ten chapters:  ibadat (acts of worship), moamelat (transactions), muhlikat (the ways to perdition), and munjiyat (the ways to salvation).  ghaz...

Background: Electronic transactions are another form of transactions that are done through electronic tools such as mobile phones, computers, tablets, etc. Considering the synchronization of Iranchr('39')s economic system with the world and meeting the needs of the day, ensuring the correct conclusion of electronic transactions with the correct and ethical use of options is explored. The presen...

the main purpose of this paper is to apply of islamic transactions rules on iran capital market contracts by studying the economic actions of the individuals in tehran stock market. based on the theories of four major islamic laws, i.e., no damage rule, gaining from invalid activities rule, peril rule and usury rule; the basic islamic assumptions is drawn in order to testify in the capital mark...

in most legal systems, service consumers, as the weaker party to the contract, are covered by protective provisions. due to the particular complexity of electronic funds transactions, consumers need further protection, which should be proportionate with the requirements of this type of transactions. in some countries, such as america, independent regulations have been ratified to protect consum...

WELCOME to the middle-of-the year update on the state of the journal, where, as usual, you’ll find information about current and new initiatives as well as the presentation of the new associate editors and the farewell to those whose term has expired. Today, July 2016, the IEEE Transactions on Computers (TC) is just in the middle of their 65th year of continued and successful publication, and t...