In systemic autoimmunity, autoantibodies directed against nuclear antigens (Ags) often arise by somatic hypermutation (SHM) that converts AGT and AGC (AGY) Ser codons into Arg codons. This can occur by three different single-base changes. Curiously, AGY Ser codons are far more abundant in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of IgV-region genes than expected for random codon use or from s...

Recognition sites of bovine mitochondrial serine tRNA specific for condons AGY [tRNA(Ser) (AGY)] by the cognate mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase were studied using a range of tRNA(Ser)(AGY) variants which were obtained by the in vitro transcription of synthetic tRNA genes with T7 RNA polymerase. Base replacements in the anticodon and discriminator sites did not affect serine acceptance. Howe...

ownloade ophagy is a protective mechanism that renders cells viable in stressful conditions. Emerging evidence ts that this cellular process is also a tumor suppressor pathway. Previous studies showed that cyclindent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) induce autophagy. Whether retinoblastoma protein (RB), a key tumor ssor and downstream target of CDKIs, induces autophagy is not clear. Here, we show that ...

Downloa ophagy is a protective mechanism that renders cells viable in stressful conditions. Emerging evidence ts that this cellular process is also a tumor suppressor pathway. Previous studies showed that cyclindent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) induce autophagy. Whether retinoblastoma protein (RB), a key tumor ssor and downstream target of CDKIs, induces autophagy is not clear. Here, we show that R...

We consider the Teichmüller flow on the unit cotangent bundle of the moduli space of compact Riemann surfaces with punctures. We show that it is exponentially mixing for the Ratner class of observables. More generally, this result holds for the restriction of the Teichmüller flow to an arbitrary connected component of stratum. This result generalizes [AGY] which considered the case of strata of...

The Mexican axolotl V(H) segments associated with the Igh C mu and C nu isotypes were isolated from anchored PCR libraries prepared from spleen cell cDNA. The eight new V(H) segments found bring the number of V(H) families in the axolotl to 11. Each V(H) had the canonical structural features of vertebrate V(H) segments, including residues important for the correct folding of the Ig domain. The ...