Abū ‘Imrān Mūsā b. Abı̄ ’l-H ̇ ayy Khalı̄la. See (Abū ‘Imrān) Mūsā b. Abı̄ ’l-H ̇ ayy Khalı̄la Abū Ish ̇ āq Ibrahı̄m b. ‘At ̇ ā’, 2, 48, 180, 183 Abū ’l-Fad ̇ l b. Salmān, 315–317 Abū ’l-H ̇ asan b. H ̇ ayyim, 171, 293 Abūn b. S ̇ adaqa, 87, 128, 238, 294–295 Abū Sa‘ı̄d, 83, 131 agents and agency agency law, 130, 151–159, 358 agency transactions statistically compared, 143 as _ h _ ābunā and s _ uh _ ba comp...

introducing three principal methods of determining the solar orbital eccentricity in the ancient and medieval astronomy (i.e., the method of seasons, of mid-signs, of three–points), the accuracy of the results obtained from each is being investigated. in doing so, two main goals have been targeted: (1) to determine the accuracy and the intrinsic limitation of each method with regard to their st...

abū al-jārūd is one of the leading figures of zaydis and the narrator of the significant books and traditions of imam al-ṣādiq (a.s.) and imam al-bāqir (a.s.), who has received the attention of the imāmī rijālīs (biographers) and dignitaries. on one hand, the imāmī and sunnī rijālīs have weakened him and, on the other hand, he is known as the transmitter of many and sometimes important traditio...

according to abū al-barakāt baghdādī, time and place are a priori conditions of motion; moreover, against the peripatetic philosophers, for whom time is the measure of motion, he holds that time is the measure of existence. nevertheless, he believes that we can define motion on the basis of our intuitive non-scientific concept of time and, by so doing, we can resolve the apparent circularity of...

in the abbasid era, chieftainship (niqābat) was a politico-religious institution with social functions. since the early periods of the samanids era, the alavids’ chieftainship in nayshābūr, capital of khurāsān, had been turned over to the ḥusaynī alavids of banū zubāra, but amīr nūḥ b. manṣūr sāmānī (ruled 366-378) handed over this post to a ḥasanī alavid, whose descendants became the hereditar...

there is not much information about the life and the works of abū al-ma‘ālī nasrollāh munshī, and his only known work is a translation of kalila and dimna.  but he had composed poems too. there are three of his quatrains in lobab al-albab. there are also two lines of his arabic verses in his translation of kalila and dimna which had composed in praise of king bahram. it can be taken as another ...

the ḥadīth, “backbiting is more severe than adultery” (al-ghaybatu ashaddu min al-zinā), quoted from the apostle of allah (s.a.w.), by four of his companions: abū dhar al-ghifārī, abū sa‘īd al-khudrī, jābir b. ‘abd allāh al-anṣārī, and anas b. al-mālik is reported in the shī‘ī and sunnī sources – except for the kutub al-‘arba‘a and ṣiḥāḥ al-sitta. while analyzing and explaining the text of the ...