in planning any vaccination program, priority should be given to such programs within the country’s overall health plan. this judgment is made on the basis of indices on morbidity, mortality, vulnerability, feasibility and cost-benefit/effectiveness analyses. the application of mathematical / epidemiological models and the use of simulation and goal –seeking techniques and monograms are of grea...

background hepatitis a was ranked first among all of the different types of viral hepatitis in china, which occurred an average of 500,000 cases annually during the 1980’s. a live attenuated hepatitis a vaccine was applied in preventing of the disease in 1992, large scale used in vaccination program in 1995, and incorporated in the expanded program of immunization in 2008 in china. objective th...

background and aims: vaccine is available, but fetal infection with rubella virus is still a main cause of congenital birth defects and mental retardation in many countries. mass vaccination campaigns and expanded program of immunization (epi) have increased vaccine coverage in the world with a substantial impact on the reduction of rubella infections, such as congenital rubella syndrome (crs)....

Background and Aims: Vaccine is available, but fetal infection with rubella virus is still a main cause of congenital birth defects and mental retardation in many countries. Mass vaccination campaigns and Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) have increased vaccine coverage in the world with a substantial impact on the reduction of rubella infections, such as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)....

The aim of this review is to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination program in Duhok, determining negative and positive points, subsequently improving it. In Duhok,, across the 59 mass vaccination centers, vaccination coverage rates were investigated for all population aged  ≥ 18 years and population aged ≥ 12 years receiving the three available vaccines, namely: Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer b...

Cost-benefit analysis was conducted to determine whether it is worthwhile to initiate a routine varicella vaccination program in Taiwan from different perspectives. Using the human capital approach, the discounted net cost for vaccination program was New Taiwan Dollars (NTD) 281 million from health care payer's perspective. Taking indirect costs into account, the net saving due to vaccination p...

in an attempt to convert mass vaccination practices to the extended programme on immunization, a sero-evaluation study was carried out in rural iran in 1976. a total of 22 246 rural children of 2-12 years of age were sampled. blood samples taken on filter paper were tested by indirect hemagglutination technique to determine the level of circulating antibodies against tetanus toxoid. tetanus was...

Dear Editor, I read the paper “mass measles vaccination campaign in Aila Cyclone-affected areas of West Bengal, India” by Malik and colleagues published in the December, 2011 issue of IJMS. The paper described a program of mass measles vaccination that was a good experience for health authorities.1 However, some issues should be considered in health policies for the prevention of measles. Measl...