Introduction Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an uncommon cancer, caused principally by asbestos exposure. No treatments after first-line platinum-pemetrexed [1] have shown survival benefit [2], thus novel approaches are needed. Asbestos exposure induces immunosuppression and immune dysfunction in the mesothelium environment, mainly by hyperactivation of regulatory T lymphocytes and overproductio...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: AMP: Adenosine Monophosphate; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; cAMP: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; CD: Cluster of Differentiation; CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-LymphocyteAssociated Protein 4; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; LAG3: Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3; TCR: T Cell Receptor; TGF-β: Transforming Growth Fa...

patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, peripheral mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were isolated from peripheral blood of 29 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tb and 19 patients with positive tuberculin skin test. the pbmcs were activated with ppd for 72 hours. activated cells were harvested, rna was extracted and cdna was synthesized. a real-time taqman method was designed and opti...

results our study showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of -1661 a/g snp between patients with sle and healthy controls (p > 0.05). conclusions in conclusion, we found no association between snp-1661 a/g of the ctla-4 promoter region and susceptibility to sle in our population. objectives to evaluate the potential influences of co...

many studies have shown that cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen-4 (ctla-4) gene variants are associated with several autoimmune diseases particularly type 1 diabetes. due to the lack of consistent data for this association with type 2 diabetes (t2d), this study explored the possible influence of ctla-4 gene polymorphisms at -1722 (t/c), -318 (c/t), and +49 (g/a) positions for susceptibility to t2d ...

Background: Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) has been suggested being associated with the failure of fetal-maternal immunologic tolerance in which the regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) play a crucial role. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is expressed transiently on activated T cells and constitutively on Tregs. CTLA-4 interacts with the B7 cell surface molec...

Background:  Cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) molecules are expressed on T-cells and inhibit their function by inhibiting activation of subsequent T-cell molecular pathways. Blocking of CTLA-4 inhibits the growth of malignant tumor cells. Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies activate the immune system against cancer. Due to several advantages of single-chain antibodi...

We and others previously reported that cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) regulates the severity of peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mouse strains that are inherently susceptible to the disease. In this report, we show that CTLA-4 engagement also controls disease susceptibility in BALB/c mice, a strain considered to be resistant to EAE induction. Althoug...