In this paper a league championship algorithm (LCA) is developed for structural optimization where the optimization variables are of discrete type and the set of the values possibly obtained by each variable is also given. LCA is a relatively new metaheuristic algorithm inspired from sport championship process. In LCA, each individual can choose to approach to or retreat from other individuals ...

Proteolytic cleavage of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 by the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A (LCA) results in a blockade of neurotransmitter release that persists for several months in motor neurons. The L428A/L429A mutation in LCA is known to significantly shorten both the proteolytic and neuroparalytic effects of the neurotoxin in mice. To elucidate the cellular mechanism for ...

We study the problem of finding lowest common ancestors (LCA) in trees and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Specifically, we extend the LCA problem to DAGs and study the LCA variants that arise in this general setting. We begin with a clear exposition of Berkman and Vishkin’s simple optimal algorithm for LCA in trees. The ideas presented are not novel theoretical contributions, but they lay the ...

Licochalcone A (LCA), a flavonoid isolated from the famous Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, presents obvious anti-cancer effects. In this study, the anti-cancer effects and potential mechanisms of LCA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were studied. LCA decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, and induced apoptosis in a concentration-depende...

The pathogenesis of lithocholic acid (LCA-Na)-induced cholestasis involves a rapid accumulation of cholesterol in the bile canalicular membrane. Since microtubules play an important role in the intracellular transport of many materials, including cholesterol, the present study was undertaken to assess the extent to which they participate in the development of LCA-Na-induced cholestasis. Rats we...

Bile acids (BAs) play a complex role in colonic fluid secretion. We showed that dihydroxy BAs, but not the monohydroxy BA lithocholic acid (LCA), stimulate Cl(-) secretion in human colonic T84 cells (Ao M, Sarathy J, Domingue J, Alrefai WA, Rao MC. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 305: C447-C456, 2013). In this study, we explored the effect of LCA on the action of other secretagogues in T84 cells. Whi...

BACKGROUND We sought to determine the difference in the localization of coronary artery disease (CAD) between the left and right coronary artery system and investigate the effect of sex and age on that difference. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 17,323 consecutive angiographies from January 1st, 1984 to December 31st, 2003. The demographic parameters, in particular age and sex of the inve...

OBJECTIVE To compare the utilization, perioperative complications and predictors of LCA versus RPN in the treatment of localized renal tumors. METHODS From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample we identified patients undergoing RPN or LCA for the treatment of localized renal tumors from October 2008 through 2010. Patient and hospital-specific factors which predict postoperative complications and us...

In recent years Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) software tools have become increasingly important. Today a large number of LCA programs are available. The large diversity of LCA software tools on offer makes it necessary to first pinpoint some general requirements that determine the quality of an LCA software tool and secondly to describe these requirements qualitatively. The authors last year asse...

Formation of covalently bound protein adducts with lithocholic acid (LCA) might explain LCA's known carcinogenic properties and hepatotoxicity. We performed studies aimed at isolating and identifying hepatic proteins tagged with LCA, presumably via the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues. Antibodies recognizing the 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-steroid moiety of LCA were generated by immunizing rabbi...