introduction: pheromones play a great role in the reproductive and social behavior of animals. the main sources of pheromones are urine and paracrine secretions. through the neuroendocrine system, prolactin is a safe parameter to measure and compare the effects of pheromones on the sexual, maternal and also lactating behavior. methods: female rats were divided into 19 groups (n=8). to measure t...

in this investigation 13699 data related to milk production from 2716 holstein first calving and daughter from 167 sire cows were analyzed based on random regression model (rr/cf) and reml method incomplete lactating (5-90 days) and (5-120 days) in correlations to complete lactating were 0.67 and 0.72, respectively with progress in complete 5-240 day was 0.91 the correlation value for lactating...

The histological study was carried out on mammary glands collected from 14 Madras red sheep, 7 in lactating period 7 in non-lactation period. The connective tissue became reduced and lobuloalveolar tissue was predominantly increased during lactating period. The alveoli were laminated, filled with secretion and lined by cuboidal active secretory cells containing lipid droplets and protein granul...

background: lactating adenoma is a benign breast mass related to physiological changes during pregnancy and increased estrogen level. fibroadenoma and breast cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this lesion. the purpose of this study was to report cases of lactating adenoma in breast cancer research center (bcrc) and review the relevant literature. methods: all patients ...

Background: Comparison of the effect of lactation on expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and KiSS-1 mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus in lactating and nonlactating rat Materials and Methods: Fourteen rats of the Sprague- Dawley strain were randomly allotted into three groups. The non-lactating rats (n=5) were separated from their pups immediately upon...

Prolactin (PRL), an anterior pituitary hormone with neurogenic properties associated with pregnancy, has been implicated in oligodendrocyte proliferation during gestation, contributing to increased myelination in the maternal brain. However, PRL is elevated during lactation as well, suggesting that the postpartum (PP) period may contribute to additional gliogenesis in lactating females. In the ...

Introduction: Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is believed to be an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. The role of GnIH in lactational inhibition of gonadotropin secretion is not well known therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on expression of GnIH in these nuclei of lactating and non-lactating rats. Methods: Ten po...

Introduction: Arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) and kisspeptin are believed to be inhibitor and stimulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, respectively. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of lactation on the expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and KiSS-1 mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus...

introduction: gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) is believed to be an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion. the role of gnih in lactational inhibition of gonadotropin secretion is not well known therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on expression of gnih in these nuclei of lactating and non-lactating rats. methods: ten postpa...