In this work, the interaction between the semi-circular space and the neighboring joint with and without the presence of rock bolts was investigated using the particle flow code (PFC) approach. For this purpose, firstly, the calibration of PFC was performed using both the Brazilian experimental test and the uniaxial compression test. Secondly, a numerical model with the dimension of 100 m...

in order to study the development of knee joint in absence of movement; mouse limb buds were separated from 15 days old embryos and cultured in ham's f-io medium conditioned with 37°c and 5% co2 for 1 to 6 days. the medium was renewed every 24h during incubation. after 6 days, specimens were fixed by buin's fluid, embedded in paraffin wax, serially sectioned and stained with h&e.; the...

infratemporal space infection is a rare but serious sequel of odontogenic infection. the diagnosis is difficult due to non specific signs and symptoms. diabetes mellitus as a definitive risk factor for odontogenic infections needs more consideration during clinical procedures. we report a case of an undiagnosed diabetic patient with isolated infratemporal space infection after tooth extraction ...

introduction anterior talofibular ligament (atfl) rupture is the most commonly injured anatomic structure in lateral ankle sprain. in some cases, atfl avulsion fracture from the lateral malleolus may occur instead of purely ligamentous injuries. the atfl avulsion fracture is detected as a small ossicle at the tip of lateral malleolus on direct radiographs, which is called os subfibulare in chro...

in industrial robotic manipulator, due to the presence of quite nonlinear dynamic and structural and nonstructural uncertainties, a precise model is not easily obtained. as a result, designing a controller with a suitable function based on system model is a challenging issue. sliding mode control is a robust control with numerous applications which can overcome the aforementioned uncertainties....

Actuators of robot operate in the joint-space while the end-effect or of robot is controlled in the task-space. Therefore, designing a control system for a robotic system in the task-space requires the jacobian matrix information for transforming joint-space to task-space, which suffers from uncertainties. This paper deals with the robust task-space control of electrically driven robot manipula...

Background: Hip involvement in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common extraspinal arthritic manifestation, which is associated to a worse functional outcome. Little data are available on the effectiveness of conservative treatment strategies. The TNF inhibitors have been proven effective on AS activity parameters. Their structural effect on hip disease however, little is studied. Case pres...

Background and Objectives: The cause and pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis has not been fully understood and an experimental model of this disease is essential for research on the problem. In this research study, establishment and histopathological changes of chronic arthritis due to intra-articula...