A total of 95 isolates, belonging to 33 species of five dermatophyte genera, i.e. Arthroderma (15 species), Chrysosporium (two), Epidermophyton (one), Microsporum (three) and Trichophyton (12), were studied using internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)-PCR-RFLP analysis (ITS2-RFLP), consisting of amplification of the ITS2 region, restriction digestion with BstUI (CG/CG) and restriction fragment le...

ticks are important acarina that infest animals. they are obligatory blood sucker arthropods which economically impact cattle industry by reducing weight gain and production. moreover, they are important vectors of viral, bacterial, rickettsial and parasitic pathogens infecting humans and animals. in view of the importance of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum in pathogen transmission, including th...

An increasing number of phylogenetic analyses are based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). They mainly use the fast evolving sequence for low-level analyses. When considering the highly conserved structure, the same marker could also be used for higher level phylogenies. Furthermore, structural features of the ITS2 allow distinguishing different species from each other. Despite its im...

A total of 61 clinical yeast isolates of Candida, Cryptococcus, Blastoschizomyces, and Saccharomyces spp. were used to compare two identification techniques, VITEK 2 and ITS2-fragment length polymorphism analysis (ITS2-FLP), with ID32C as the reference method. ID32C identified 58 isolates correctly. ITS2-FLP with Instagene DNA extraction identified 59 isolates. ITS2-FLP combined with boiling-fr...

The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) is a phylogenetic marker which has been of broad use in generic and infrageneric level classifications, as its sequence evolves comparably fast. Only recently, it became clear, that the ITS2 might be useful even for higher level systematic analyses. As the secondary structure is highly conserved within all eukaryotes it serves as a valuable template for ...

BACKGROUND The radix of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq. (Beishashen), is often misidentified and adultered in Chinese medicine. Its seven common adulterants include Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan (Chuanmingshen), Changium smyrnioides Wolff (Mingdangshen), Sphallerocarpus gracilis (Bess.) K.-Pol. (Miguoqin), Adenophora polyantha Nakai (Shishashen), Silene tatarinowii Regel (Shishengy...

The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) has been used as a phylogenetic marker for more than two decades. As ITS2 research mainly focused on the very variable ITS2 sequence, it confined this marker to low-level phylogenetics only. However, the combination of the ITS2 sequence and its highly conserved secondary structure improves the phylogenetic resolution(1) and allows phylogenetic inferenc...

The ITS2 gene class shows a high sequence divergence among its members that have complicated its annotation and its use for reconstructing phylogenies at a higher taxonomical level (beyond species and genus). Several alignment strategies have been implemented to improve the ITS2 annotation quality and its use for phylogenetic inferences. Although, alignment based methods have been exploited to ...