Initiation, Response, and Feedback(IRF) sequences are the most frequent interaction network in any classroom contexts. IRF sequences have been examined profusely in previous studies and were reported to be negatively correlated with participation opportunities (Kasper, 2006; Cazden, 2001; Ellis, 1994).In all these studies, all contingent factors of any classroom context which might influence in...

The large-scale Galactic interstellar radiation field (ISRF) is the result of stellar emission and dust re-processing of starlight. Where the energy density of the ISRF is high (e.g., the Galactic Centre), the dominant γ-ray emission in individual supernova remnants (SNRs), such as G0.9+0.1, may come from inverse Compton (IC) scattering of the ISRF. Several models of the ISRF exist. The most re...

We discuss the effects of an enhanced interstellar radiation field (ISRF) on the observables of protostellar cores in the Orion cloud region. Dust radiative transfer is used to constrain the envelope physical structure by reproducing SCUBA 850 μm emission. Previously reported 13CO, C17O and H2CO line observations are reproduced through detailed Monte Carlo line radiative transfer models. It is ...

The spectrum of the unidentified infrared (UIR) emission bands between 5.8 and 11.6 m has been observed for the first time for the diffuse emission of the galactic disk where the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) is quite low. The UIR bands at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 m have absolute intensities which are 1/10th of the values observed in planetary and reflection nebulae. However, the intensity...

We have observed a quiescent small globule, the Thumbprint Nebula, with the ISOPHOT far-infrared camera at 100 and 200μm. The observed emission is optically thin thermal emission from dust at a temperature of ∼14–16 K. The energy budget of the cloud is studied by considering the energy input (interstellar radiation field, ISRF), and outputs (scattered and emitted radiation). It is found that th...

New observations with Herschel allow accurate measurement of the equilibrium temperature of large dust grains heated by the interstellar radiation field (ISRF), which is critical in deriving dust column density and masses. We present temperature maps derived from the Herschel SPIRE and PACS data in two fields along the Galactic plane, obtained as part of the Hi-GAL survey during the Herschel sc...

New observations with Herschel allow accurate measurement of the equilibrium temperature of large dust grains heated by the interstellar radiation field (ISRF), which is critical in deriving dust column density and masses. We present temperature maps derived from the Herschel SPIRE and PACS data in two fields along the Galactic plane, obtained as part of the Hi-GAL survey during the Herschel sc...

New observations with Herschel allow accurate measurement of the equilibrium temperature of large dust grains heated by the interstellar radiation field (ISRF), which is critical in deriving dust column density and masses. We present temperature maps derived from the Herschel SPIRE and PACS data in two fields along the Galactic plane, obtained as part of the Hi-GAL survey during the Herschel sc...

New observations with Herschel allow accurate measurement of the equilibrium temperature of large dust grains heated by the interstellar radiation field (ISRF), which is critical in deriving dust column density and masses. We present temperature maps derived from the Herschel SPIRE and PACS data in two fields along the Galactic plane, obtained as part of the Hi-GAL survey during the Herschel sc...

We present observations with the mid–infrared camera ISOCAM on board the Infrared Space Observatory of the major star–forming region N 66 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and of its surroundings. These observations were performed with broad filters and Circular Variable Filters giving a spectral resolution of about 40. In addition, CO(2–1) data are presented, allowing us to identify and stud...