according to performance-based seismic design method by using energy concept, in this paper it is tried to investigate the duration and damping effects on elastic input energy due to strong ground motions. based on reliable iranian earthquake records in four types of soils, structures were analyzed and equivalent velocity spectra were computed by using input energy. these spectra were normalize...

the energy of a graph is equal to the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. two graphs of the same order are said to be equienergetic if their energies are equal. we point out the following two open problems for equienergetic graphs. (1) although it is known that there are numerous pairs of equienergetic, non-cospectral trees, it is not known how to systematically construct any such pa...

wheat is the dominant cereal crop constituting the first staple food in iran. this paper studies the energy consumption patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for wheat production in iranian agriculture during the period 1986 – 2008. the results indicated that total energy inputs in irrigated and dryland wheat production increased from 29.01 and 9.81 gj ha-1 in 1986 to 44...

This paper presents an experimental research of identification method proposed by the authors in their previous works. The method was developed to identify a linear observation model in remote sensing images. It uses the relation between energy spectra of input and output images, and it is called energy spectrum method. The latest modification of the method applies vector map data from geoinfor...

Cognitive radio network with multiple-input multiple-output is an effective method to improve not only spectrum efficiency, but also energy efficiency. In this article, a linear precoding matrix optimization algorithm, named gradient-aided mutual information optimization (GAMIO), is designed to maximize the secondary users’ spectrum efficiency. Unlike the previous algorithms which were develope...

abstract background: accurate methods of radiation therapy dose calculation. there are different monte carlo codesfor simulation of photons, electrons and the coupled transport of electrons and photons. mcnpis a general purpose monte carlo code that can be used for electron, photon and coupledphoton-electron transport.monte carlo simulation of radiation transport is considered to be one of the ...

sustainable development of the production in every region requires consideration of energy flow in the production system, moreover, investigating the production system inputs from environmental management point of view is of high importance. in this study energy use and greenhouse gas emissions is investigated. data were collected through interviews with 75 tea farmers and comparing the results...

background & aim: energy is one of important debates in agriculture ecology and for this reason; the ratio of output and input energy in different agriculture ecosystems has been calculated. if one can reduce, input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and lab our force. in addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a ...