as long as the government in the concept of urban management plays the role of “direct provider” instead of “facilitator” to improve the life’s welfare level and provide a situation for poor societies and particularly informal settlements, its sole result is the increase in the number of open mouths that their dependence on government enlarges per day. therefore the investigation of different g...

extended abstract introduction zanjan has recently enjoyed considerable population and physical growth. the rapid irregular growth in population number caused unfavorable formation of informal settlement areas in the city. islamabad is of the largest informal accommodation regions in zanjan which was built as a consequence of massive rural migration during 1970s. although the area, at present,...

Informal settlements behave very dynamical over space and time and the number of people living in such housing areas is growing worldwide. The reasons for this dynamical behaviour are manifold and are not matter of this article. Nevertheless, informal settlements represent a status quo of housing and living conditions which is from a humanitarian point of view in the most cases below acceptable...

Research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among youth has focused on specific subgroups from developed countries. Most of the world's youth and war-like violence, however, is concentrated in developing countries, yet there is limited mental health data within affected countries. This study focused on a random community-based sample of 552 impoverished youth ages 6-18 within an informal s...

one of the most important issues that faced cities in developing countries with a crisis is expanding informal settlement in them. these settlements with differences in definition are known as occupational, changing, marginal, self-made and uncontrolled housing. it is estimated that about 1 billion man in all over the world live in such kinds of places. these zones are the texture for creation ...

this article presents a comparative study of marginalization in the cities of sabzevar, neishabour, torbat heidariye and gonaabaad. it also presents the history of marginalization and marginal settlement in the world, related theories and models. the article also talks about the international experiences about marginalization and marginal settlement. the writers of the article have first identi...

The informal construction of dwellings (housing) and the informal growth of transport infrastructure are two main dynamics of an informal settlement growth phenomenon that may influence each other over time. Some studies have been done to understand the growth mechanisms of informal settlements, but not enough attention has been paid to study the informal growth of transport infrastructure dyna...

although in most of the rural development plans, relocation of informal settlements is oftenconsidered as an efficient solution to increase safety of rural communities against natural and man-made disasters,such as, earthquakes, fire hazards, floods, etc. an evaluation of recent experiences in the relocation projects show thatthe relocated community is often unsatisfied with the new residential...