charcoal rot caused by macrophomina phaseolina is an injurious and economically important disease which causes heavy loss of yield to field and horticultural crops. thirty-three isolates of m. phaseolina were obtained from different host plants such as: soybean (glycine max.), melo (cucumis melo), bean (phaseolus vulgaris), pea (pisum sativum), pinus (pinus sp), blak-eyed susan (rudbeckia fulgi...

Evidence from studies with adult rodents indicates that individual recognition enables distinctions between familiar individuals irrespective of relatedness (but including close kin) and a separate mechanism enables discriminations based on genetic relatedness without prior familiarity. For example, adult mice could assess the extent of their genetic relatedness to unfamiliar individuals using ...

It has been hypothesized that, in species exhibiting natal philopatry, genetically related individuals would have home ranges closer to each other than those of unrelated individuals. Using radiotelemetry (2001–2003) and genetic data from 35 female Florida black bears (Ursus americanus floridanus), we tested the hypothesis that genetic relatedness among individuals influenced the spatial organi...

Kin recognition systems enable organisms to predict genetic relatedness. In so doing, they help to maximize the fitness consequences of social actions. Recognition based on phenotypic similarity-a process known as phenotype matching-is thought to depend upon information about one's own phenotype and the phenotypes of one's partners. We provide a simple model of genetic relatedness conditioned u...

Archival studies of within-family prosocial behavior (Judge & Hrdy, 1992; Smith, Kish, & Crawford, 1987) have shown that inheritance patterns support Hamilton s (1964) theory of inclusive fitness, such that people will more of their estates to relatives of closer genetic relatedness. In a survey-based simulation of these studies, students allocated one of three lotteries to their blood relative...

Kin selection predicts that helpers in cooperative systems should preferentially aid relatives to maximize fitness. In family-based groups, this can be accomplished simply by assisting all group members. In more complex societies, where large numbers of kin and non-kin regularly interact, more sophisticated kin-recognition mechanisms are needed. Bell miners (Manorina melanophrys) are just such ...

We use the patterns of homozygosity at multiple loci to distinguish between excess homozygosity caused by consanguineous mating and that due to undetected population subdivision (the Wahlund effect). Clarification of the underlying causes of excess homozygosity is of practical importance in explaining the occurrence of recessive genetic disorders and in forensic match probability calculations. ...