according to the former researcher’s presented relations for flow through rock-fill porous media, the effects of physical characteristics was not studied separately. hence, due to the application of these relations, physical characteristics of porous materials effect must be investigated separately. in various constructed physical models of porous media, the effect of several variables such as ...

According to the former researcher’s presented relations for flow through rock-fill porous media, the effects of physical characteristics was not studied separately. Hence, due to the application of these relations, physical characteristics of porous materials effect must be investigated separately. In various constructed physical models of porous media, the effect of several variables such as ...

Numerous stepped spillways were built to date, namely on RCC gravity dams or on valley flanks besides embankment or rockfill dams, while some others are currently under design or construction. In some cases, slope changes may be required on stepped chutes, due to the topography, leading to reduced excavation and related economic benefits. A quite limited number of stepped spillways have been bu...

Stepped spillways have become a popular method for handling flood releases. The steps increase significantly the rate of energy dissipation taking place on the spillway face and reduce the size of the required downstream energy dissipation basin. The compatibility of stepped spillways with roller compacted concrete (RCC) and gabion construction techniques results in low additional cost for the ...

Based on the field double-ring infiltration experiment under the condition of the same soil and with the different inbuilt-ring depths, the changes of soil cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate with inbuilt-ring depths were analyzed and a reasonable inbuilt-ring depth of the filtration test in field was confirmed. The results indicate that the measured precision of soil infiltration par...

Air-water flow experiments were conducted on some flat and pooled stepped spillways with slopes of 8.9° and 26.6° in transition and skimming flows. The study comprised the observations of the flow patterns, characteristic air-water flow properties, and energy dissipation performances. The air-water flow properties showed some differences in terms of interfacial velocity, bubble count rate, and ...

An experimental study was conducted on a large size stepped spillway model with a moderate slope (26.6o) for a range of discharges between 0.020 and 0.237 m/s. In some experiments, the stepped chute was equipped with uniform steps of 5 and 10 cm heights respectively. In addition several non-uniform configurations with combinations of 5 and 10 cm high steps were investigated. For each configurat...

For the last fifty years, the design floods of a number of embankment dams were re-evaluated and the revised spillway outflows are often larger than the original design discharges. Several embankment overtopping protection systems were developed for earthfill structures, and the applications range from river dykes to tsunami protections including embankment dams. Well-known designs include timb...