Most of the literary theorists and critics of classical antiquity who are still studied today – Plato, Aristotle, ‘Longinus’, and a few others – are Greeks. The Romans, who by reputation came late to literature and lacked a theoretical cast of mind, are not generally accorded a prominent place in the development of this discourse. Indeed, few surviving Roman texts address as their main topic th...

in this paper, at first we reviewed the topics of literary modern criticism and psychological criticism and relationship between psychology and literature, paving the ground for the entry in the main topic. then we critique the modernist novel «when we left the bridge» by abdul rahman munif through archetypes put forward by psychologists and critics. in this paper criticism of the novel mention...

With the development of Bakhtin's theory of polyphony in literary criticism, the kind of attitude to literary texts has changed, and according to the needs of modern society, this discourse became the focus of attention of thinkers and literary theorists. Polyphony, with its own meta-lingual potentials, brings with it a new approach, a rethinking of the audience, so that the reader can have a n...

The vast diversity of the proposed definitions of parody, both before and after the twentieth century, can be an emblem of the lack of a thorough agreement amongst the literary critics about the definition of this literary technique (genre?!). While there is not a comprehensive all-accepted definition of parody, modern and postmodern literatures both exhibit a wide application of it. After look...

translation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary arabic literature.this phenomenon in contemporary western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is  due to communication and connection with the arab literature and  west.            contemporaneous cash and cash schools, especially schools divan court are external factors affecting research. but the important...