background: it is important to understand the efficacy of immunoregulatory materials, herbal remedies or probiotics, in different parts of immune system following vaccination with different tropism. objectives: aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of echinacea purpurea and a probiotic (protexin) on systemic and mucosal immune response in turkey. methods: a total of 288 1-day-old male tu...

in the present study, the effects of chlorella vulgaris on blood and immunological parameters of caspian salmon (salmo trutta caspius) before and after exposure to viral nervous necrosis (vnn) virus were examined. in this regard, four treatments in triplicate were chosen. groups included one control and 3treatments (t1, t2 and t3).  fish in control group, t1, t2 and t3 were fed diets supplement...

OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the effect of myofascial techniques on the modulation of immunological variables. DESIGN Thirty-nine healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. INTERVENTIONS The experimental group underwent three manual therapy modalities: suboccipital muscle release, so-called fourth intracranial ventricle compression, and ...

We present a method for deriving shape space parameters that are consistent with immunological data, and illustrate the method by deriving shape space parameters for a model of cross-reactive memory. Cross-reactive memory responses occur when the immune system is primed by one strain of a pathogen and challenged with a related, but different, strain. Much of the nature of a cross-reactive respo...