background : type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) is an autoimmune disease characterized by selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells.   methods: the study included 80 children, 20 of them have t1dm, 40 children were selected from first degree relatives to the same child and 20 healthy children serve as control. body mass index (bmi) was calculated, random blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglo...

To clarify the relationships between islet antibodies (islet cell antibody [ICA], GAD antibody [GADA], and IA-2 antibody [IA-2A]) versus the progression of beta-cell dysfunction, we have followed a group of diabetic patients from their diagnosis at 21-73 years of age. Patients with ICA had high levels of GADA and/or IA-2A at diagnosis and a more severe beta-cell dysfunction 5 years after diagno...

Assays for islet cell antibodies (ICA) are finding increasing application in clinical diabetology. We have developed a new islet cell antibody assay system (ICA-pA), whose salient features include: (1) utilization of fluorescein-conjugated staphylococcal protein A as a standard second-step reagent, the advantages of this approach being improved "signal" (islet)/"noise" (acini) ratio due to redu...

Background: A number of studies have also reported that preexisting diabetes as well newly diagnosed with a first glucose measurement on hospital admission are both associated an increased risk all-cause mortality. This study aimed to investigate the immunological characteristics patients severe COVID-19 mellitus. Methods: was carried out in period between November 2021 and March 2022 Iraq. tot...

BACKGROUND Insulin autoantibodies (IAA), antibodies against endogenous insulin, may be detected in type 1 diabetic children before the start of insulin treatment. OBJECTIVE To relate IAA to islet antibodies (i.e., islet cell antibodies [ICA], and antibodies against two ICA-related islet antigens, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 [GADA] and protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 [IA-2 A]) at diagnosi...

Cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies are well-established predictive markers of IDDM. Although target molecules of ICA have been suggested to be gangliosides, human monoclonal ICA of the immunoglobulin G class (MICA 1-6) produced from a patient with newly diagnosed IDDM recognized glutamate decarboxylase as a target antigen. Here we analyzed the possible heterogeneity of target antigens of ICA by ...

Studies of the reaction of antibody A2B5 and tetanus toxin with pancreatic islet cells, islet cell tumors, and other human amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) tumors are described. By indirect immunofluorescence, antibody A2B5 and tetanus toxin were shown to specifically bind to the plasma membrane of human, rat, chicken, and mouse islet cells. The binding of antibody A2B5 to the ...

  Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are important in pathogenesis of diabetes. Non HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes such as INS-VNTR and CTLA-4 in addition of HLA genes have influence on genetic susceptibility for diabetes mellitus. In this study the association of +49 A/G CTLA-4 and -23 A/T INS-VNTR polymorphisms with diabetes and their association with islet auto...

OBJECTIVE To study the presence and levels of GAD65 antibodies (GADA), IA-2 antibodies (IA-2-A), and islet cell antibodies (ICA) during the first years after clinical onset of type 1 diabetes in relation to age at diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Type 1 diabetic patients (n = 194) <40 years of age were consecutively recruited at the time of diagnosis by the Belgian Diabetes Registry and...

We investigated the presence of autoantibodies to baculovirus-expressed human recombinant 65- and 67-kD isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In the immunoprecipitation test using [35S]methionine-labeled GADs antibodies to GAD65 were detected in 13/15 (87%) islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive and in 1/35 (2.9%) ICA-negative first-deg...