introduction: today nano-medicine tries to produce new drugs to reduce the dosage and side effects of their conventional forms. according to the interaction between zinc and opioidergic system activity, this study has investigated the effect of new kind of zinc supplement, nano zinc oxide (nzno), in compared to its conventional form (czno), in presence and absence of opioidergic system activity...

objective: results obtained from literature reviews and human studies have shown the analgesic effects of clove plant in toothache. the present work was undertaken in order to investigate the possible analgesic effect of clove oil in mice. materials and methods: fifty mice were divided into 5 groups: 1) saline; 2) essential oil (ess) 2%, 3) ess 5%, 4) ess10% and 5) ess 20%. the hot plate test (...

introduction: in this study the effect of matricaria recutita extract on acute pain in the presence and absence of flumazenil (antagonist of benzodiazepine) and lesioned paragigantocellularis (pgi) nucleus was investigated. method: wistar male rats (250±20 g) were used. animals were grouped randomly into intact, sham and bilateral lesion of pgi nucleus. intact and lesioned animals, each divided...

the present study is a designed protocol for investigation of the analgesic effect of oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alcoholic datura stramonium (ds) seed extract as a rich source of alkaloid substances. male nmri rats were divided into control and treatment groups. the treatment rats received different doses of the ds seed extract, which was prepared from alcoholic smashed s...

objective: the beneficial effects of clove on toothache have been well documented. we have also previously shown the analgesic effects of clove essential oil. the present work was done to investigate the analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of clove using hot plate test. the possible role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effects of clove was also investigated using naloxone. materials a...

morphine and tramadol which have analgesic effects can be administered acutely or chronically. this study tried to investigate the effect of these drugs at various times by using different methods of administration (intraperitoneal, oral, acute and chronic). sixty adult female rats were divided into six groups. they received saline, morphine or tramadol (20 to 125 mg/kg) daily for 15 days. a ho...

objective(s):reduction of pharmacological effectiveness or tolerance appears following repeated administration of many analgesic drugs. we investigated tolerance to anti-nociceptive effects of orexin-a, an endogenous potent analgesic peptide using the hot-plate test.materials and methods:orexin-a was microinjected icv (intracerebroventricular) with an interval of 12 hr for 7 continuous days and...

objective(s) the present study was undertaken to investigate the nociception activity of promethazine, a tranquillizer devoid of hypnotic activity in mice. materials and methods antinociception was evaluated, using the acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin pain tests. results promethazine (4 and 6 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a significant inhi...