biofilm formation in bacteria is an important survival strategy. biofilm of probiotic bacillus subtilis consist of long chains of cells that are covered by a polymeric matrix of exopolysaccharides. this bacterium is known as one of the most effective biocontrol agents against plant pathogens and has a high ability in biofilm formation. this study was aimed to investigate the effect of some envi...

Vascular wilts are among the most destructive plant diseases that occur in annual crops as well as in woody perennials. These diseases are generally caused by soil-borne bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes that infect through the roots and enter the water-conducting xylem vessels where they proliferate and obstruct the transportation of water and minerals. As a consequence, leaves wilt and die, whic...

Epidemiology of vectored plant pathogens involves the plant, the pathogens, the vectors, and the environment, all interacting in various ways. Often, an understanding is needed of seasonal cycles of host plants, pathogens, and vectors. For example, pathogens and vectors important to an annual crop may have non-crop reservoirs between harvest and re-planting. Vectors may overwinter in the crop, ...

Biological control agents are useful components in the enhancement of plant disease resistance and improvement of soil properties. Effect of biological control agents (BCAs) as a disease control method in plants is hampered by their vulnerability to environmental and edaphic conditions. This study entailed the use of chitosan-silica nanocomposites for delivery of BCAs. Effect of BCAs-nanocompos...

Vegetable crops are grown worldwide as a source of nutrients and fiber in the human diet. Fungal plant pathogens can cause devastation in these crops under appropriate environmental conditions. Vegetable producers confronted with the challenges of managing fungal pathogens have the opportunity to use fungi and yeasts as biological control agents. Several commercially available products have sho...

as the host plants based on their physical and chemical characteristics can affect virulence of microbial control agents on the target pest and its natural enemies, therefore in the current study, the virulence of beauveria bassiana tv isolate at concentration 107 conidia/ml was evaluated against t. urticae female adults, on three different host plants; tomato, cucumber and strawberry. spray to...

Quackgrass, Elymus repens (L.) Gould, is a perennial grass spreading by vigorous underground rhizomes. Because of its capacity for rapid spread and persistence, it is considered as a common weed in many settings worldwide. The cereal rust mite, Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa), is a polyphagous, phytophagous mite attacking quackgrass and many other grasses including wheat. Its feeding causes leaf disc...