background: the consumption of healthy food is considered as an essential need to devoid the physical, chemical, and biological hazards. the importance of this issue is more conspicuous in places such as hospitals where people with somehow compromised immune systems are under treatment. therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of food contact surfaces in a kitchen ...

background and objectives: hospital surfaces can serve as reservoirs of potential pathogenic bacteria.staff hands are the main source of bacterial transmission in hospital. the prevalence of bacteria harboring β– lactamase enzyme in staff hands and hospital surfaces, leads to spread of β–lactamase producing bacteria and ultimate increase of antibiotic resistance nosocomial infections. the aim o...

This paper uses ALIS data to compare academic performance in two subjects often viewed as relatively close substitutes for one another at A-level. The important role of GCSE achievement is confirmed for both subjects. There is evidence of strong gender effects and variation in outcomes across Examination Boards. A counterfactual exercise suggests that if the sample of Business Studies candidate...

Tohoku University, Japan is developing a new hand-held land mine detection dual-sensor (ALIS) which is equipped with a metal detector and a GPR. ALIS is equipped with a sensor tracking system, which can record the GPR and Metal detector signal with its location. The Migration processing drastically increases the quality of the imaging of the buried objects.Evaluation test of ALIS has been condu...

conclusion silver nanoparticles had appropriate effects in all three types of dilutions and allowing for a more protracted contact time has given significantly better results. patients and methods we have selected nine patients' metal file covers and following sterilizing, we have infected them with one of these bacteria; staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus cereus. t...

background: the role of the hospital environment as a source of dissemination of pathogens is critical. environmental surfaces in the intensive care units (icus) are suitable for the growth of gram-negative bacteria that normally circulate between the environment and patients and can cause outbreaks of nosocomial infections. in this study, the prevalence of gram-negative bacilli in the environm...

Despite regular disinfection and decontamination of the hospital floors and surfaces, resistant pathogens from the hospital surfaces and their transmission to humans have been reported recently. The resistance of pathogens to the disinfectant agents or failed disinfection techniques have put the routine floor and non-critical surface disinfection done in hospitals into question with regard to t...

Microbes tend to attach to available surfaces and readily form biofilms, which is problematic in healthcare settings. Biofilms are traditionally associated with wet or damp surfaces such as indwelling medical devices and tubing on medical equipment. However, microbes can survive for extended periods in a desiccated state on dry hospital surfaces, and biofilms have recently been discovered on dr...