heart failure (hf) is one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. the prevalence of hf in developed countries is between 1% and 2% of the adult population and approximately between 6% and 10% in the elderly, giving rise to high costs of care and treatment. indeed, in the united states, the direct and indirect costs exceeded 23 billion dollars in 2002.  hf is typically character...

aim. this study was conducted to examine the effect of acupressure on severity of pain and fatigue in patients with chronic heart failure. background. patients with chronic heart failure experience high levels of pain and fatigue. acupressure is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method which may reduce the pain and fatigue in patients with chronic heart failure. method. in this single blin...

Heart failure is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is proving to be an economic burden in developing countries. A number of therapeutic agents are presently employed in heart failure; but they are not sufficient to control symptoms of heart failure. Moreover, the prevalence of chronic heart failure is progressively increasing and thus there is a continuing need to develop effecti...

- pericardectomy was first accomplished hi germany in 1913. it is obligatory when a pathologic condition in the pericardium increases pressure on the heart. the most common disease thai causes this process is constrictive pericarditis. tuberculosis was formerly the most common cause of the latter. a retrospective review of pericardectomy for constrictive pericarditis was undertaken in shariati ...

during a period of four years between june, is, 1988 to june, is, 1992 one hundred and fourteen patients with congestive heart failure (chf) were admitted to the pediatric department of taleghani general hospital. during the above period, 192 patients with heart disease were hospitalized at this department and chf was the cause of admission in 59.4% of them. congenital heart disease (cho) was t...

Heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. The prevalence of HF in developed countries is between 1% and 2% of the adult population and approximately between 6% and 10% in the elderly, giving rise to high costs of care and treatment. Indeed, in the United States, the direct and indirect costs exceeded 23 billion dollars in 2002. HF is typically characteri...

conclusions we believe that the sh state in chf patients may be associated with the impaired pattern of circulating emps, with the predominantly increased number of apoptotic-derived microparticles. background subclinical hypothyroidism (sh) is diagnosed biochemically by the presence of normal serum free thyroxine concentration, in conjunction with an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone ...

although primary chronic hypertension (htn) is increasingly common in adolescence, secondary forms of htn are more common among children. primary htn is associated with being overweight and/or a positive family history of htn. carotid intima-media thickness, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis is frequent in both adults and children with htn and other associated cardiovascular (cv) risk fac...

Both acute and chronic pain are common coexisting problems in patients with heart failure. Because nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids are contraindicated in heart failure, traditional pain management algorithms require modification. This article reviews pertinent pain management principles, including pain vocabulary, barriers to pain management, and general pain assessment...