abstract since heubners (1985) pioneering study, there have been many studies on (mis) use/ non-use of articles by l2 learners from article-less and article languages. the present study investigated how persian l2 learners of english produce and interpret english definite descriptions and demonstrative descriptions. it was assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions share the same cen...

abstract the present study deals with a comparison between reactive and pre-emptive focus-on-form in terms of application and efficiency. it was conducted in an intermediate english class in shahroud. 15 male learners participated in this research and their age ranged from 18 to 25. a course book, new interchange 3, and a complementary book were used. every session the learners gave lectures o...

رساله حاضر ترجمه نیمی از کتاب "concise hand-book of linguistics" نوشته d.steible است که حاوی شرح و تفسیر اصطلاحات فنی زبانشناسی و دستورزبان انگلیسی می باشد. در این رساله از اصطلاحات وضع شده توسط اساتید محترم گروه زبانشناسی مخصوصا آقای دکتر باطنی بهره فراوان برده شده است .

abstract: the present thesis includes ; one preface and 11speeches , that each speech considered in different researches . the prefact part , studied grammer back ground , the first speech considered a brief description about grammatical credits . the second speech considered the different typs of sentences , from structure and meaning points of view . the third speech considered the verb es...

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abstract: the present study is an attempt to find out cultural exophoric references in iranian high-school elt textbooks and touch stone series to compare the frequency of occurrence of such references in these books. the purpose is to find out which of the series of the books under investigation impose a greater referential burden on efl learners as far as their reading comprehension of the ...

this study investigates the cohesive devices used in the textbook of english for the students of psychology. the research questions and hypotheses in the present study are based on what frequency and distribution of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are. then, to answer the questions all grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading comprehension passages from 6 units of 21units th...

Misbah al-Ashari‛at is a book with mystical and ethical themes which has been attributed to Imam Ja‛far Sadiq. Although all chapters of the book begin with the phrase “(as) Imam Sadiq said” which primarily indicates that the book has been written by him, the correctness of such an attribution is criticized on various grounds including the content of the book and the available certif...