turkish words in the texts of persian language and literature show the deep and long relations between two languages. and because the diwan-e-hafiz (hafiz’s complete works), in which the persian lyric poetry achieves its most flourishing perfection, is not an exception, some of its 35 turkish words are going to be surveyed to determine their morphophonemic in this paper. hoping to be considered...

although critics and novelists have not paid enough attention to the second person point of view, it has a lot of potentials for picturing the deepest parts of human mind. most important types of this model are: 1. narratives in which the narrator, the protagonist and the addressee are the same; 2. narratives in which the narrator is separate from the protagonist/addressee. reviewing the comple...

the ghazals of hafiz and the canzoniere of petrarch (1304–1374) have at least three common characteristics: (a) from the qualitative point of view: each of these two works is at the top of the medieval love poetry: one in the persian literature, and the other in the european literature; (b) from the chronological point of view: these two books of poetry have been written during the fourteen the...

hafiz is among the few persian poets who transcended the social determinism of the eighth century (on the lunar calendar). disentangling himself from the extreme constraining order of his time, he began to critically analyze the social structure as represented in varied forms in poetic structures.  in this regard, this paper starts with a brief introduction of critical aesthetics as an achievem...

PREFACE As we approach our last quarter of a century, some of us who might by some extension of the word be called writers may be swept away by a desire to summarize. This is my shot at writing a summary. By what standard am I a writer? When I was a little boy in the East Bronx, people would point with great respect to rather ragged men, often with flapping overcoats and scarred shoes and usual...