the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

  هدف تحقیق بررسی عدم تقارن تکانه­های قیمت نفت بر رشد اقتصادی در دو گروه  کشورهای منتخب صادره کننده نفت (OPEC) و وارد کننده نفت (OECD) در بازه زمانی 2015-1961 با استفاده از الگوی تابلویی پویا و به روش GMM است. برازش الگو در هر دو گروه کشورها نشان داد که اثر تکانه­های قیمت نفت نامتقارن است. در کشورهای اوپک( OPEC ) و OECD به ترتیب قیمت نفت بر رشد اقتصادی آن­ها اثر مثبت و منفی دارد. اثر متقاطع  س...

terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...

today the image of a permanent skeletal space of cities affected by some forces or mechanisms is put in time with social-economic development and while imposes a new face and perspective to physical anatomy of cities, and prepares field to changes in content and social- economic structures of cities too. simultaneously with quitting villages in order to settle in cities by villagers, the phen...

today, the route for economic development in most countries is the same as international open competitive economy. economic institutes well known that supportive public economy belonged on the past and they may compete in the global economy. it is obvious that if they have no competitive potency or not familiar with competition technique, they may be devastated. banking system aims to collect t...

toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...

چکیده تکانه های نفتی و توسعه مالی دارای تاثیرات متقابل و  قابل توجهی بر رشد اقتصادی بوده و  در ادبیات مالی  چنین تاثیری مورد توجه صاحب‌نظران اقتصادی قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله، نقش تعدیل‌کننده توسعه مالی در  ایجاد کاهش ارتباط مثبت میان تکانه‌های نفتی و بی‌ثباتی رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای عضو اوپک ارزیابی شده است. با استفاده ازداده‌های آماری در کشورهای عضو اوپک طی سالهای 1995-201...

these days, all department stores make an effort to provide their clients with valuable products in order to project the best image for them. as a result, clients’ comprehension risk will decrease and they will be more willing to repurchase. having a good image is really important for the department stores because it makes an impression on clients’ comprehension of both quality and risk. consid...