the ground reaction curve (grc) is a vital component of the convergence-confinement method, which possesses many applications in the underground space designs. it defines a relation between the tunnel wall deformations and the ground pressure acting on the tunnel walls. generally, grc includes descending and ascending branches. according to many researchers, the descending branch trend for the ...

The ground reaction curve (GRC) is a vital component of the convergence-confinement method, which possesses many applications in the underground space designs. It defines a relation between the tunnel wall deformations and the ground pressure acting on the tunnel walls. Generally, GRC includes descending and ascending branches. According to many researchers, the descending branch trend for the ...

The design of underground spaces is mainly carried out using empirical, analytical, and numerical methods. The convergence confinement method (CCM) is an analytical technique that is widely utilized in analyzing the stability of underground spaces. However, the main challenge in the stability analysis is the selection of an accurate constitutive model for rock mass, and particularly, its post-f...

Background: The use of combined SYNTAX score and EuroSCORE to predict two-year cardiac mortality in de-novo left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been discussed. Whether the combination of these two parameters could also predict the clinical outcomes in de-novo LMCA patients undergoing bypass surgery remains unknown. Method: Fr...

Why is maximal running speed reduced on curved paths? The leading explanation proposes that an increase in lateral ground reaction force necessitates a decrease in peak vertical ground reaction force, assuming that maximum leg extension force is the limiting factor. Yet, no studies have directly measured these forces or tested this critical assumption. We measured maximum sprint velocities and ...

Abstract Using recycled aggregates to prepare geopolymer concrete plays an essential role in reducing dependence on natural resources and solving the problem of waste accumulation. However, application aggregate (GRC) has been greatly limited due defects quality limitations brittleness materials. Therefore, work is dedicated improving GRC properties exploring mechanism action steel fiber (SF) n...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the time between measures on ground reaction force running variability; 15 healthy men (age1⁄4 23.8 3.7 years; weight1⁄4 72.8 7.7 kg; height 174.3 8.4 cm) performed two trials of running 45 minutes at 9 km/hr at intervals of seven days. The ground reaction forces were recorded every 5 minutes. The coefficients of variation of indicative param...