The authors examine the natural variability of the arctic climate system simulated by two very different models: the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) global climate model, and an area-averaged model of the arctic atmosphere–sea ice–upper-ocean system called the polar cap climate model, the PCCM. A 1000-yr integration of the PCCM is performed in which the model is driven by a prescri...

Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are important tools for climatological research. These models approximate the solution to the governing equations to predict horizontal velocity components, temperature, salinity, and other chosen parameters. The GFDL OGCM, or Modular Ocean Model (MOM), is an example of such a code. This code was originally developed at the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics La...

To date, little objective verification has been performed for rainfall predictions from numerical forecasts of landfalling tropical cyclones. Until 2001, digital output from the operational version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane forecast model was available only on a 1° grid. The GFDL model was rerun or reanalyzed for 25 U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones from 199...

We describe the third version of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory cloud microphysics scheme (GFDL MP v3) implemented in System for High-resolution prediction on Earth-to-Local Domains (SHiELD). Compared to GFDL v2, v3 is entirely reorganized, optimized, and modularized into functions. The particle size distribution (PSD) all hydrometeor categories redefined better mimic observations, dropl...

The GFDL AM3 model is the atmospheric component of a global coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-sea ice model (CM3) [Donner et al., 2011; Griffies et al., 2011; John et al., 2012]. The unique feature of interactive stratosphere-troposphere chemistry and dynamics [Naik et al., 2013; Austin et al., 2013] distinguishes the GFDL AM3 model from most current generation global and regional tropospheric chem...

Over the past seven years, the portability of the GFDL SKYHI general circulation model has greatly increased. Modifications to the source code have allowed SKYHI to be run on the GFDL Cray Research PVP machines, the TMC CM-5 machine at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and more recently on the GFDL 40-processor Cray Research T3E system. At the same time, changes have been made to the model to mak...

The authors present results for simulated climate and climate change from a newly developed highresolution global climate model [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.5 (GFDL CM2.5)]. The GFDL CM2.5 has an atmospheric resolution of approximately 50 km in the horizontal, with 32 vertical levels. The horizontal resolution in the ocean ranges from 28 km in the tropics to 8 ...

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Hurricane Research Division (HRD) of NOAA have collaborated to postprocess Omega dropwindsonde (ODW) data into the NCEP operational global analysis system for a series of 14 cases of Atlantic hurricanes (or tropical storms) from 1982 to 1989. Objective analyses were constructed with and without ingested ODW data by the NCEP operat...