background: since the earliest days of medicine, the tongue has been considered a good reflection of systemic disease. hip­pocrates, galen and others considered the tongue to be barometer of health. in addition, the early diagnose of tongue le­sions help to recognize the some systemic diseases. the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different mor­phological variations (anom...

objectives: geographic tongue or migratory glossitis is an inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology. considering the accompanied burning pain, taste dysfunction, and lack of definite cure, it is important to treat this condition symptomatically. the objective of the current study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of 0.05% retinoic acid and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide with that of...

geographic tongue is a benign disorder involving the dorsal surface of the tongue characterized by depapillated areas with leading and folded edges in yellowish or grayish white color and sometimes with unclear borders. many studies have reported a relationship between such condition and different risk factors. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate and the risk factors of geograph...

One of the most common malformations of the tongue is fissured tongue, very often, is accompanied by geographic tongue; the etiopathogenesis of them is not known. The aim of study was to evaluate the prevalence of fungi in cases of fissured and geographic tongue, and to determine their species and susceptibility to selected antifungal drugs. The study included 104 patients with fissured and/or ...

Geographic tongue often associated with fissured tongue, is of unknown etiology with many suggested causative factors. An interesting case of geographic tongue with fissuring having a hereditary etiology and significant allergic history has been reported.

introduction tongue is one of the most important organs in the oral cavity which has significant roles in different functions such as speaking, mastication, swallowing, breathing, etc. the tongue may be influenced by internal diseases sooner than other organs and also may be involved in some abnormalities that some are developmental and some of them are genetical and environmental. this study h...

Geographic tongue is a benign lesion at the dorsum and margins of the tongue that sometimes causes pain and burning sensation. This lesion is characterized by an erythematous area with white or yellow folded edges. The predisposing factors of this lesion include heredity, allergies, psoriasis, stress, fissured tongue and consumption of some foods. The present study was conducted to investigate ...