Paraguay is a country located in the center of South America, sharing borders with Brazil to the east and northeast, Argentina to the west and southwest, and Bolivia to the northwest. It is divided in two regions, Occidental (western) and Oriental (eastern), separated by the river Paraguay. The regions are in turn subdivided in 17 departments plus the capital district (Fig. 1). The country has ...

This paper revisits the relationship between trade and cross-country GDP correlation for 134 countries from 1970 to 2009. We introduce two notions of linkages: (i) direct bilateral index (ii) common exposure ”third” capturing role networks. Both are economically statistically associated with correlation, suggesting an indirect additional channel through which fluctuations propagate linkages. Mo...

We use the logistic equation to model dynamics of GDP and trade six countries with highest in world, namely, USA, China, Japan, Germany, UK India. From modeling economic data, which are made available by World Bank, we predict maximum values growth trade, as well duration over exponential can be sustained. set up correlated phase solutions an autonomous second-order dynamical system. related ea...

2012 will certainly be memorable as an Olympic year, but it has also seen a flurry of activity in the race to market biosimilar products. Keen to participate in this event, many countries throughout the world have established legal and regulatory pathways which allow manufacture of “copies” of a patent-expired biotherapeutic product. However, these are not simple generics as in the case of smal...

We revisit the association between trade and GDP comovement for 135 countries from 1970 to 2009. Guided by a simple theory, we introduce two notions of linkages: (i) usual direct bilateral index (ii) new indexes common exposure third capturing role similarity in networks. Both measures are economically statistically associated with correlation, suggesting an additional channel through which flu...