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The notion of smooth biproximity space  where $delta_1,delta_2$ are gradation proximities defined by Ghanim et al. [10]. In this paper, we show every smooth biproximity space $(X,delta_1,delta_2)$ induces a supra smooth proximity space $delta_{12}$ finer than $delta_1$ and $delta_2$. We study the relationship between $(X,delta_{12})$ and the $FP^*$-separation axioms which had been introduced by...

During year 2008–11, some infected leaves of eucalypt trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) having blight and spot symptoms were collected in Golestan province (N Iran). The necrotic spots were appeared on both surfaces of the leaves and were circular to irregular, single to confluent, medium brown to light brown with red brown margin (Fig. 1A & B). In some cases, young leaves have been sever...

Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, A6 8010 Graz, Austria; Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Messeweg 11, D-38104 Braunschweig, 7 Germany, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, National Banana Research Program, 8 Uganda; Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, College of 9 Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Uganda and B...

With interest we read the report of a psychosis incidence study in the Dutch town of Utrecht (Zandi et al., 2010). The authors hypothesized that previous reports of an increased incidence of schizophrenia among Moroccan–Dutch people in the Netherlands were due to cross-cultural bias. They examined first-onset cases using a “culturally sensitive” version of the Comprehensive Assessment of Sympto...

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is particularly important in transonic flow problems owing to the amplification of input variability across shock waves. In this study we focus on the transonic flow over the RAE 2822 airfoil subject to a combination of uncertainties in the Mach number, angle of attack, and thickness–to–chord ratio. We represent the variability in the form of uniform probability ...

IN AN ARTICLE in The Scientist recently published, Marc Vidal, a geneticist at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, reminds us that “. . .the proteome is vast. It’s like terra incognita,. . . we have a few settlers, we have to explore a huge amount of space. . .” (7a). There is astounding complexity to protein science, and we are just starting to comprehend the magnitude of the question....

When analyzing point-referenced spatial data, interest will be in the first order or global behavior of associated surfaces. However, in order to better understand these surfaces, we may also be interested in second order or local behavior, e.g., in the rate of change of a spatial surface at a given location in a given direction. In a Bayesian parametric setting, such smoothness analysis has be...