purpose: to evaluate the outcomes of ptosis surgery in patients with weak levator function using orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles. methods: this prospective interventional case series study was conducted over 3 years on patients with ptosis and weak levator function (less than 4mm). in all cases, orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles were used directly to correct the ptosis. success wa...

PURPOSE To report 7 patients with paradoxical use of the frontalis muscle despite postsurgical correction of ptosis with good postoperative eyelid position. Successful treatment with botulinum A toxin facilitated motor relearning and cessation of muscle contraction. DESIGN Interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS Seven patients, in 2 eye-plastic clinics, who underwent successful surgical co...

Figure 1. Preoperative photograph demonstrating severe ptosis on the right lid with levator function less than 5 mm (measured by blocking the action of the frontalis muscle). The patient is contracting his right frontalis muscle to keep his right eyelid open. Normal levator function is 11 mm.

36 clients with anxiety neurosis were trained to reduce frontalis muscle tension over two phases of ten sessions each. They were assessed on psychological and physiological measures, before, during and after the phases. The data analysis indicated that the clients succeeded in lowering frontalis muscle tension levels during the feedback and no-feedback phases of the training sessions. The inter...

BACKGROUND Conventional frontalis transfer may cause a range of complications. In order to overcome complications, we made modifications to the surgical technique, and compared the outcomes of patients who underwent conventional frontalis transfer with those of patients who underwent modified frontalis transfer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 48 patients (78 eyes) who underwent...

Unilateral blepharoptosis with poor or no levator action can be corrected properly only by suspending the eyelid from the brow or frontalis muscle. This method lifts the eyelid adequately but often results in undesirable asymmetry, since the brow-frontalis lift on one side is so different from the levator lift on the other. Beard offered one solution. He cut the normal palpebral levator muscle ...

Figure 1. Submuscular forehead lipoma. Figure 2. Lipoma exposed under the frontalis muscle.

36 subjects were included in a study on the efficacy of EMC biofeedback training in the management of anxiety neurosis. The outcome measures included a physiological stress profile and measures of anxiety symptoms, frontalis muscle tension, skin temperature and electrodermal activity. The data analysis indicated that the subjects were able to maintain reduced levels of frontalis muscle tension ...

Owing to the endoscopic approach to brow lifting, the renovated awareness of the frontalis-galea-occipitalis (FGO) muscle unit concept has modified the understanding of eyebrow positioning and elevation. It is now felt that this muscle unit elevates the brow and that its surgical freeing from the inferior-anterior insertion, associated with freeing of the FGO unit from its skull attachments, re...

PURPOSE To evaluate the functional and cosmetic results after frontalis sling repair for unilateral ptosis associated with either poor levator function or synkinesis. METHODS Preoperative and postoperative photographs and records of 127 patients who underwent unilateral frontalis sling ptosis repair were retrospectively reviewed. An eyelid crease incision was used in all cases, with suturing ...